摘要
以国家土壤质量安定观测试验站黄绵土区的农田长期定位试验为研究对象,研究长期施肥与覆膜对半干旱区马铃薯产量及其水分利用效率和有机碳的影响。结果表明,在欠水年和正常平水年份,地膜覆盖可显著提高马铃薯产量及其水分利用效率,而丰水年份效果不明显。施肥显著影响马铃薯产量及其水分利用效率,且以有机肥与化肥配施(NPKM)效果最好;在定位施肥初期(前2年),单施化肥(NPK)的效果优于单施有机肥(OM),在第3年两者无差异,而第4年之后则相反。长期施用有机肥(NPKM和OM)较NPK处理0~20 cm土壤有机碳含量显著提高了77.35%和69.65%,有机碳储量分别显著增加了70.68%~76.55%和62.09%~63.31%。不同施肥处理对土壤微生物量碳的影响表现为NPKM>OM>NPK>CK,且差异显著,NPKM和OM较NPK处理土壤微生物量碳含量分别显著增加了43.99%和31.82%,单施有机肥较单施化肥效果显著。长期覆膜与NPK处理可显著提高土壤微生物量碳含量,而对有机碳含量及其储量影响不明显。综上所述,长期有机肥与化肥配施(NPKM)或施用有机肥(OM)可显著提高旱地黄绵土总有机碳和微生物量碳含量,增加有机碳储量,有利于农田土壤固碳,提高马铃薯产量及其水分利用效率。地膜覆盖对旱地马铃薯产量及其水分利用效率的影响与年际降水密切相关。
Taking long-term farmland positioning experiment in loessal soil of the national soil quality observation and test station in Anding district of Gansu province as the research object,the effects of long-term fertilization and plastic-mulching on yield and water use efficiency of potato and soil organic carbon in semi-arid area were studied.The results showed that plastic-mulching significantly improved the yield and water use efficiency of potato in years of insufficient and normal precipitation,and the effect was not obvious in years of relatively sufficient precipitation.Fertilization significantly affected the yield and water use efficiency of potato,and the effect of combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer(NPKM)was the best.In the first two years of the experiment,the effect of applying chemical fertilizer(NPK)was better than that of organic fertilizer(OM),and there was no difference in the third year of the long-term positioning experiment,but the effect of OM was better than that of NPK after the fourth year of the long-term positioning experiment.Compared with NPK treatment,the content of organic carbon of long-term organic fertilizer treatments(NPKM and OM)increased significantly by 77.35%and 69.65%,respectively,and organic carbon storage increased significantly by 70.68%~76.55%and 62.09%~63.31%,respectively,in 0~20 cm soil layer.The effects of different fertilization treatments on soil microbial biomass carbon were as follows:NPKM>OM>NPK>CK.There was significant difference between treatments,and soil microbial biomass carbon of NPKM and OM treatments increased significantly by 43.99%and 31.82%,respectively,compared with NPK,and the effect of organic fertilizer application was better than that of chemical fertilizer.Long-term plastic-mulching and NPK treatment significantly improved the content of microbial biomass carbon,however,they was no obvious effect on the content and storage of organic carbon.In conclusion,long-term organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer(NPKM)or organic fertilizer(OM)can significantly improve the contents of total organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon of loessal soil in dryland,and increase organic carbon storage and promote the sequestration of farmland soil carbon,and improve yield and water use efficiency of potato.The effects of plastic-mulching on yield and water use efficiency of potato are closely related to interannual precipitation in dryland.
作者
张平良
刘晓伟
郭天文
谭雪莲
董博
曾骏
ZHANG Ping-liang;LIU Xiao-wei;GUO Tian-wen;TAN Xue-lian;DONG Bo;ZENG Jun(Dry Land Agriculture Institute,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Northwestern China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Lanzhou Gansu 730070;Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou Gansu 730070)
出处
《中国土壤与肥料》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第6期115-121,共7页
Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China
基金
甘肃省重点研发计划(20YF3WA010)
甘肃省农业科学院科技创新专项(2022GAAS25)
公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503120)
国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0200101)。
关键词
施肥
覆膜
产量
水分利用效率
有机碳
半干旱区
fertilization
plastic-mulching
yield
water use efficiency
soil organic carbon
semi arid area
