摘要
为明确大葱雄性不育株的花器官形态、花药和花粉败育时期及其细胞学机理,采用花器官形态观测、花粉活力检测、石蜡切片、扫描电镜和透射电镜分析等方法,对出口保鲜大葱雄性不育系FCY-A及其保持系FCY-B的花药发育过程和细胞学特征进行观察。结果显示:大葱保持系FCY-B花药饱满,正常开裂散出花粉,花粉活力较强;单个花粉粒呈超长球形,具单沟,外壁纹饰呈脑纹状、较粗糙,表面遍布深浅不一的微穴。而不育系FCY-A花药干瘪,表面未见花粉,花粉无活力;花粉粒间粘连、重叠,未见正常的单粒花粉粒,大多数花粉粒塌陷、变形,表面杂质较多、不光滑且有疣状突起。不育系FCY-A败育时期始于四分体时期,败育原因是绒毡层细胞异常增大,细胞程序化死亡延迟,不能为小孢子发育提供重要的营养物质,导致小孢子空泡化和小孢子外壁发育异常,花粉败育。
In order to definite flower organ morphology,anther and pollen abortive period of Welsh onion(Allium fistulosum L.)male sterile strain and its cytological mechanism,this study adopted organ morphology observation,pollen vigour test,paraffin section,scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope analysis,etc.methods to conduct observation on exported and still fresh Welsh onion male sterile line FCY-A;anther development process and cytological characteristics of its maintainer line FCY-B.The results showed that the anther of Welsh onion maintainer line FCY-B was well-stacked,normally cracking and releasing pollen.The pollen had stronger viability.And individual pollen grain was superelongate in shape with single groove and rough,brain-like exine ornamentation.Its surface was covered with varying depths of micro-holes.While,the pollen of sterile line FCY-A was shriveled.No pollen was seen on the surface.Its pollen had no viability.The pollen grains were adhered to each other and overlap.No normal single pollen grains were seen.Most of the pollen grains collapsed and deformed with more surface impurities.It was not smooth and had a warty protrusion.The abortion period of sterile line FCY-A began in the tetrad period.The cause of abortion was abnormal enlargement of tapetum cells.The delayed programmed cell death could not provide important nutrient substance for microspore development,leading to microspore vacuolation,abnormal development of microspore outer wall and pollen abortion.
作者
岳丽昕
王清华
刘泽洲
孔素萍
高莉敏
YUE Lixin;WANG Qinghua;LIU Zezhou;KONG Suping;GAO Limin(Shandong Branch of National Vegetable Improvement Center,Shandong Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable Biology,Huanghuai Region Vegetable Scientific Observation and Experiment Station,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs(Shandong),Institute of Vegetables,Shandong Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences Jinan 250100,Shandong,China)
出处
《中国蔬菜》
北大核心
2023年第9期58-68,共11页
China Vegetables
基金
山东省重点研发计划项目(2021LZGC025)
山东省蔬菜产业技术体系项目(SDAIT-05)
山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程项目(CXGC2023F08)。
关键词
大葱
雄性不育
绒毡层
小孢子
细胞学观察
Welsh onion
male sterile
tapetum
microspore
cytological observation
