摘要
针对长江中下游稻油轮作区油菜播种作业工序复杂、效率低的问题,设计了一种油菜宽幅折叠式浅旋精量联合直播机,可实现开畦沟、浅旋灭茬、油菜精量播种、种床覆土等功能。分析确定了整机基本结构和工作过程,对液压折叠机构进行了运动学和动力学分析,利用Matlab软件确定了液压缸结构参数以及承受的最大负载,基于拖拉机液压油路设计了液压折叠控制系统;根据开畦沟深度、宽度、耕深、覆土均匀性等作业要求,确定了刀轴转速为360~480 r/min,开沟刀、浅旋刀辊旋转半径分别为320、175 mm,开沟刀盘开沟刀数量为8;分析了分土导流板结构参数的取值范围,应用EDEM软件开展了分土导流板不同结构参数组合下的覆土均匀性正交试验,建立了覆土均匀性与分土导流板安装距离、导流板长度和分土板角度的回归数学模型,试验结果表明,当分土导流板安装距离为200 mm、导向板长度为600 mm、分土板角度为60°时,覆土均匀性可达93.33%。田间试验结果表明,当机组前进速度为3.6 km/h、畦沟深度为150 mm、刀轴转速为480 r/min时,油菜宽幅折叠式浅旋精量联合直播机作业后种床碎土率为91.62%,秸秆埋覆率为90.72%,厢面平整度为13.17 mm,成苗率为73.89%,整机作业效果满足油菜直播作业要求。该研究为设计油菜宽幅高效播种机提供新途径。
To solve the problems of complex process and low efficiency in rape seeding operation in the rice-oil rotation cropping area in mid-lower Yangtze River,a wide-width folding shallow-rotation combined precision direct seeder for rapeseed was designed,which can realize the functions of opening furrows,shallow rotation,precision seeding of rapeseed,covering soil.The basic structure and working process of the machine were analyzed and determined,and the kinematics and the dynamics analysis on the hydraulic folding mechanism were carried out.The Matlab software was used to determine the structural parameters and the maximum load of the hydraulic cylinder,and the hydraulic folding control system was designed based on the hydraulic oil circuit of the tractor.According to the operational requirements of ditch opening depth,width,plowing depth,and uniformity of soil cover,the speed range of the cutter shaft was 360~480 r/min,and the rotation radii of the ditching cutter and shallow rotary cutter roller were determined to be 320 mm and 175 mm,respectively,the number of ditching cutters was 8.The value range of the structural parameters of the soil dividing deflector was analyzed,the orthogonal test of the uniformity of the soil covering under different structural parameters of the soil dividing deflector was carried out by using EDEM software,and the regression mathematical model of the uniformity of covering soil on the installation distance of the soil dividing deflector,the length of the deflector and the angle of soil dividing plate was established.The simulation test results showed that when the installation distance of the soil dividing guide plate was 200 mm,the length of the guide plate was 600 mm,and the angle of the soil dividing plate was 60°,the uniformity of the covering soil can reach 93.33%.The field test results showed that when the forward speed of the unit was 3.6 km/h,the depth of the furrow was 150 mm,and the rotational speed of the cutter shaft was 480 r/min,the seed bed crushing rate after operation of the rapeseed wide-width folding shallow-rotating precision combined direct seeding machine was 91.62%,the straw burial rate was 90.72%,the box surface flatness was 13.17 mm,and the seedling formation rate was 73.89%.The operation effect of the wide-width folding shallow-rotation combined precision direct seeder can meet the requirements of rapeseed direct seeding operation.The research result can provide a approach for the design of wide efficient seed drill for rapeseed.
作者
康艳
廖庆喜
廖宜涛
韩静轩
程昊
张青松
KANG Yan;LIAO Qingxi;LIAO Yitao;HAN Jingxuan;CHENG Hao;ZHANG Qingsong(College of Engineering,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan 430070,China)
出处
《农业机械学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第8期42-52,109,共12页
Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(32001427)
财政部和农业农村部:国家现代油菜产业技术体系项目(CARS-12)
省农机补短板项目(HBSNYT202207)。
关键词
油菜直播机
宽幅
折叠式
浅旋
分土导流
rapeseed direct seeder
wide-width
foldable
shallow rotation
soil diversion
