摘要
微塑料作为目前被广泛关注的新污染物之一,近年来在世界各地水环境中被频繁检出。微塑料不仅具有体积小、难降解、持久性等特点,而且可作为有毒金属、微生物、农药等污染物的载体,进一步增强它们的危害潜力。全面了解微塑料的来源和处理途径是确定微塑料污染控制关键问题以及实现对其有效管理的先决条件。回顾了国内外水环境中微塑料污染研究进展,梳理分析了水环境中微塑料的分类及来源,详细阐述了微塑料分离提取、定性定量检测方法,系统总结了微塑料对典型水生生物的单一影响以及微塑料与相关污染物对水生生物的复合影响;结合现有水污染控制技术,归纳了水中微塑料去除方法的优缺点,包括吸附、过滤、混凝沉淀、光催化、电絮凝、生物降解、膜生物反应器以及活性污泥法等技术。相关研究可为水环境中微塑料的去除与污染控制提供参考。
Microplastics,as one of new pollutants that are widely concerned internationally,have been frequently detected in water environment around the world in recent years.Microplastics not only have the characteristics of small size,difficult degradation and durability,but also can act as carriers of toxic metals,microorganisms and pesticides and other pollutants to further enhance their hazard potentials.A comprehensive understanding of the sources and treatment approaches of microplastics is a prerequisite for identifying critical issues and their effective management.The latest progress of research on microplastic pollution in water environment at home and abroad was reviewed,the classification and sources of microplastics were analyzed,the methods of separation and extraction of microplastics,qualitative and quantitative detection were expounded,and the single effects of microplastics on typical aquatic organisms and the composite effects of microplastics and related pollutants on aquatic organisms were systematically summarized.Combined with the existing water pollution control technology,the advantages and disadvantages of microplastic removal methods,including adsorption,filtration,coagulation precipitation,photocatalysis,electric flocculation,biodegradation,membrane bioreactor and activated sludge process,were summarized.It was expected to provide reference for the removal and pollution control of microplastics in water environment.
作者
王成
李哲
魏健
钱锋
宋永会
WANG Cheng;LI Zhe;WEI Jian;QIAN Feng;SONG Yonghui(College of Environmental Sciences,Liaoning University;Institute of Water Ecology and Environment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences)
出处
《环境工程技术学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第5期1883-1892,共10页
Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology
基金
国家自然科学青年科学基金项目(42107440)
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC3201500)。
关键词
微塑料
新污染物
检测分析
毒理效应
处理技术
microplastics
emerging contaminants
detection and analysis
toxicological effect
treatment technology
