摘要
西尼罗热是人兽共患虫媒病,1937年首发于非洲乌干达,1990年代前主要呈散发或小规模流行,1999年传入美国首次进入西半球后,短短几年扩散至全美,其暴发流行引起了人们极大关注。近20年该病在世界各国频频暴发,造成人、马、鸟类的大量感染及死亡,严重威胁人类和动物的健康及生命安全,为此被世界卫生组织(WHO)列为全球重大流行病之一。本文对该病的病原特性、血清型和基因型、宿主、传播媒介、传播方式、临床表现、发病率和病死率、流行季节、诊断方法、疫苗和药物等方面进行了简单介绍,对国内外疫情形势及我国的传入传播风险进行了分析,并提出了该病的防控应对措施,以期为我国科学防控该病提供依据。
West Nile fever is a zoonotic vector-borne disease.It was firstly reported in Uganda,Africa in 1937,mainly sporadic or prevalent in a limited area before the 1990s,but spread across the United States in just a few years after it was introduced to the country for the first time in 1999,attracting great attention.Over the past two decades,the disease has frequently occurred over the world,resulting in infection or death in a large number of human,horses and birds,and posing a serious threat to the health and safety of human and animals,and is therefore listed as one of the major global pandemics by the World Health Organization(WHO).In the paper,its pathogenic characteristics,serotype and genotype,hosts,vectors,transmission modes,clinical symptoms,incidence rate and mortality,epidemic season,diagnostic methods,vaccines and drugs were briefly introduced,the global status and the risk of introduction or transmission to China were analyzed,and countermeasures were proposed,with a view to providing a basis for scientific prevention and control of the disease in China.
作者
王淑娟
王莹
徐天刚
吕艳
胡永新
张锋
王华
王清华
王志亮
Wang Shujuan;Wang Ying;Xu Tiangang;Lu Yan;Hu Yongxin;Zhang Feng;Wang Hua;Wang Qinghua;Wang Zhiliang(China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center,Qingdao,Shandong 266032,China)
出处
《中国动物检疫》
CAS
2023年第9期82-90,共9页
China Animal Health Inspection
基金
“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1800500)。
关键词
西尼罗热
疫情形势
传播风险
防控
West Nile fever
outbreak status
transmission risk
prevention and control
