摘要
以食葵中熟品种LD5009为材料,在石羊河中游绿洲设3个种植密度(D1:39990株/hm^(2),D2:49990株/hm^(2),D3:66660株/hm^(2))和3个行距(R1:0.7m,R2:0.6m,R3:0.5m),研究密度与行距对向日葵干物质转运及产量形成的影响。结果表明,不同密度与行距配置下向日葵干物质积累与分配规律不同。随着密度增加,收获指数先增大后降低(0.32-0.35-0.31)。花前干物质转运量和转移率随密度增大而增加,而花后干物质积累量和转移量随密度增加而降低。D1、D2以R2的花前干物质转运效率较低,分别为6.58%和8.22%,但花后干物质积累量较高,分别为3117和3088kg/hm^(2)。向日葵籽粒灌浆过程符合Logistic方程,随着密度的增大,平均灌浆速率从1.72g/(千粒·d)降低至1.06g/(千粒·d),灌浆持续期从47.17d延长至55.84d。随着行距增大,平均灌浆速率先增大后降低[1.39-1.49-1.34g/(千粒·d)],灌浆持续期先降低后增加(51.09-49.74-51.78d)。随着种植密度增加,向日葵群体有效花盘数和秕籽率增大,单盘粒数、千粒重和单盘粒重降低,各产量构成因子相互作用影响产量形成。石羊河流域绿洲向日葵高产种植适宜密度为49990株/hm^(2),适宜行株距配置为0.60m×0.33m。
In the oasis of the middle reaches of Shiyang River,the experiment was designed by three planting densities of 39990(D1),49990(D2),and 66660 plants/ha(D3)and three row spacing of 0.7(R1),0.6(R2),and 0.5m(R3),the responses of dry matter distribution and yield formation to planting density and row spacing were studied.The results showed as follows:the rules of dry matter accumulation and distribution of sunflower were different under different treatments.With the increasing of density,the harvest index increased firstly and then decreased(0.32-0.35-0.31).The dry matter transfer amount and transfer rate increased with the increase of density before flowering,while the dry matter accumulation and transfer amount decreased with the increased of density after flowering.For D1 and D2,R2 had the lowest dry matter transport efficiency,which were 6.58%and 8.22%before flowering,and had the highest dry matter accumulation amount,which were 3117 and 3088kg/ha after flowering.The grain filling process of sunflower was accorded with the curve described by logistic equations.With the increased of density,the average grain filling rate decreased from 1.72 to 1.06g/(1000-grain·d),and the filling duration extended from 47.17 to 55.84d.With the increase of row spacing,the average filling rate first increased from 1.39 to 1.49,and to 1.34g/(1000-grain·d),the filling duration first decreased from 51.09 to 49.74d,and then increased to 51.78d.With the increase of planting density,the number of effective discs and the rate of aborted seeds increased,while the number of grains per disc,1000-grain weight and grain weight per disc decreased.The yield components were interacted to influence yield formation.The optimal planting density for high-yield of sunflower in the oasis of Shiyang River Basin was 49990 plants/ha,and the optimal row spacing was 0.60m×0.33m.
作者
凌一波
王斌杰
胡一民
海那尔·毛地热合曼
陈年来
Ling Yibo;Wang Binjie;Hu Yimin;Heinar·Madithermic mann;Chen Nianlai(Rural Energy Workstation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Urumqi 830049,Xinjiang,China;Gansu Research Academy of Forestry Science and Technology,Lanzhou 730020,Gansu,China;National Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology Strategy,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Xinjiang Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Urumqi 830049,Xinjiang,China;College of Resource and Environmental Engineering,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China)
出处
《作物杂志》
北大核心
2023年第5期197-203,共7页
Crops
基金
甘肃省水利科技项目(GS31340020)。
关键词
向日葵
密度
行距
干物质分配
籽粒灌浆
通径分析
Sunflower
Density
Row spacing
Dry matter distribution
Grain filling
Path analysis
