摘要
文章在构式化视角下研究汉语“是……的”分裂句的形成。其构式化的形成过程为:晚唐五代,“是”与“的”的前身“底”同现,用于“是……底+名词”和“是……底”两种结构。到宋代,“是……底+名词”结构大量出现,同时“是……底”结构广泛发展。到元代中期,一些“是……的+名词”结构句尾作为受事宾语的名词脱落,拷贝到句首充当话题,形成话题句“话题+是……的”。到明代,“是……的”分裂句正式形成。在此过程中,“是”由指示代词演变为表判断的系词,并最终演变为表强调义的分裂标记。而“的”由表修饰功能的结构助词演变为与“是”一起表强调义的分裂标记。“是……的”分裂句形成的最根本的特征是“是”“的”的语义要素及句法组合变化与构式吸收,最重要的机制是重新分析,最基本的动因是效率诱发。
This paper studies the evolution of the cleft sentence“shi(是)…de(的)”in Chinese from the perspective of constructionalization.Its constructionalizational path is:in the late Tang and the Five Dynasties,“shi(是)”and“di(底)”which is the predecessor of“de(的)”co-occur in the structures“shi…di+noun”and“shi…di”.By the Song Dynasty,the structure“shi…di+noun”appears in large numbers,and at the same time the structure“shi…de”has widely developed.By the middle of the Yuan Dynasty,some“shi…de+noun”structures dropped out the nouns that function as the subject of the patient objects,which in turn are copied to the beginning of the sentence to act as topics,forming the topic sentence“topic+shi…de”.By the Ming Dynasty,the cleft sentence“shi…de”has formally taken shape.In this process,“shi”evolved from a demonstrative pronoun to a copula that expresses judgment,and finally evolved into a cleft marker that expresses emphasis.On the other hand,the structural auxiliary“de”functioning as a modification marker has evolved from a cleft mark together with“shi”.The most fundamental feature of the formation of cleft sentence of“shi”is the change of semantic elements and syntactic combinations of“shi”and“de”and the absorption of construction,the most important mechanism of which is reanalysis and the most basic motivation is efficiency induced.
作者
陈光
龙国富
李文琦
Chen Guang;Long Guofu;Li Wenqi(Institute of Curriculum and Teaching Materials,People's Education Press,Beijing 100081;School of Liberal Arts,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872;College of Art and Design,Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication,Beijing 102600)
出处
《语言科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第4期400-409,共10页
Linguistic Sciences
基金
国家社科基金重大项目(19ZDA310)
北京印刷学院博士启动基金项目(27170121001/031)的资助。
关键词
“是……的”分裂句
构式化
特征
机制
动因
“shi(是)…de(的)”cleft sentence
constructionalization
feature
mechanism
motivation
