摘要
为了掌握海南岛水稻需水量和缺水量的时空变化特征,基于海南岛18个市(县)1971—2020年的逐日气象数据和6个农业气象试验站早、晚稻生育期数据,采用Penman-Monteith公式和作物系数法及美国农业部土壤保持局推荐的方法计算早、晚稻需水量和缺水量,并分析其时空变化特征。结果表明:近50年海南岛早、晚稻全生育期需水量分别为444.9、419.7 mm,全生育期缺水量分别为337.1、186.9 mm。早、晚稻全生育期需水量和缺水量空间分布各异。所有市(县)早、晚稻全生育期均缺水,缺水量主要分布在拔节孕穗期和分蘖前期。近50年海南岛早、晚全生育期需水量和缺水量多数市(县)(占比为55.6%~66.7%)呈减少趋势且以不显著减少为主,对海南岛水稻种植总体有利。但海口市、东方市、临高县、白沙县、琼中县和定安县早稻全生育期缺水量,东方市、昌江县、白沙县、琼中县、定安县、琼海市、文昌市和乐东县晚稻全生育期缺水量在增加,需加强稻田用水管理。
An attempt was made to grasp the spatial and temporal variation of water requirement and water deficit of rice in Hainan Island.Based on the daily meteorological data from 18 cities/counties in Hainan Island from 1971 to 2020 and the growth period data of early and late rice from 6 agro-meteorological stations in Hainan Island,the water requirement and deficit of early and late rice were calculated by using Penman-Monteith formula,crop coefficient method and the method recommended by the Soil Conservation Service of the United States Department of Agriculture,and their spatial-temporal variations were analyzed.The results showed that in the past 50 years the water requirements during the whole growth period of early and late rice in Hainan Island were 444.9 mm and 419.7 mm,respectively,while the water deficits during the whole growth period were 337.1 mm and 186.9 mm,respectively.The spatial distribution of water requirements and deficits during the whole growth period of early and late rice varied.All cities/counties were short of water during the whole growth period of early and late rice,and the water shortage was mainly distributed in the jointingbooting stage and pre-tillering stage.In recent 50 years the water requirement and water deficit during the whole growth period of early and late rice showed a decreasing trend and was mainly not significantly reduced at most cities/counties(accounting for 55.6%~66.7%),which was generally beneficial to the rice cultivation in Hainan Island.However,the early rice was deficit of water during the whole growth period in Haikou,Dongfang,Lingao,Baisha,Qiongzhong and Dingan,and the late rice tended to increase its water deficit in Dongfang,Changjiang,Baisha,Qiongzhong,Dingan,Qionghai,Wenchang and Ledong,indicating the need to strengthen water management in paddy fields.
作者
邹海平
张京红
李伟光
陈小敏
白蕤
吕润
ZOU Haiping;ZHANG Jinghong;LI Weiguang;CHEN Xiaomin;BAI Rui;LYU Run(Hainan Climate Center/Hainan Key Laboratory of South China Sea Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation,Haikou,Hainan 570203,China)
出处
《热带生物学报》
2023年第5期569-576,共8页
Journal of Tropical Biology
基金
海南省自然科学基金项目(417300)
国家重点研发计划课题(2019YFD1002203)。
关键词
水稻
需水量
作物系数
有效降水量
缺水量
海南岛
rice
water requirement
crop coefficient
effective precipitation
water deficit
Hainan Island
