摘要
不同专业客观上存在报考热度差异,直观体现为录取分数的差异。录取分数作为自由选择和人才选拔的制度化产物大有学问。文章基于2005—2021年浙江省高考录取数据,统计了208所本科院校所有专业在浙江省的录取平均分,以此为基础构建录取分首位率、录取分势差等多指标对不同专业开展多维比较分析,揭示不同专业在高等教育招生端中的市场差异及其变化规律,识别并重点讨论最具生源吸引力的20个本科专业,从中得到一系列重要结论。发掘蕴含在相关结论中的本质问题产生如下理论启示:一是各专业的录取分数除了反映生源水平,本质上是招生供求关系的信号。二是新高考改革后的生源格局重构昭示着高等教育机会需求结构的质变。三是从“财经热”到“师范热”暗含着人们择业价值取向变化的信号。这些启示可为高等教育专业结构调整、招生录取机制优化、供求关系宏观管理等事项提供政策思路。
There is an objective difference in popularity of different majors which is reflected in the differ⁃ence of admission scores.Admission scores are highly learned as an institutionalized product of free choice and talent selection.Based on the college admission data of Zhejiang Province from 2005 to 2021, this study calcu⁃lated the average admission scores of all majors in Zhejiang Province from 208 undergraduate colleges, based on which, it constructs multiple indicator such as admission score first rate and admission score potential differ⁃ence to carry out multi-dimensional comparative analysis of different majors, reveals market differences of dif⁃ferent majors in higher education admission and their changing rules identifies and focuses on discussing the 20 most student-attractive undergraduate majors from which a series of important conclusion are drawn.Exploring the essential issues embedded in relevant findings can produce several theoretical implications: firstly, the ad⁃mission scores of various majors not only reflect the student source, but also signal the relationship between supply and demand.Secondly, the restructuring of student source pattern after the new college entrance exami⁃nation indicates the qualitative change of the demand structure of higher education opportunities.Thirdly, the change from"financial fever"to"teacher training fever"implies the signal of the change of people's career choice value.These insights can provide policy ideas for the restructuring of higher education, the optimization of enrollment and admission mechanisms, and the macro-management of supply and demand.
作者
王旭辉
WANG Xuhui(College of Education/College of Teacher Education, Wenzhou University,Wenzhou 325035 China)
出处
《高等理科教育》
2023年第5期101-113,共13页
Higher Education of Sciences
基金
浙江省哲学社会科学规划青年课题“基于浙江省高考招生供求关系的本科招生专业结构优化研究”(项目编号:21NDQN280YB)。
关键词
本科专业
录取分数
生源
高考志愿
供求关系
undergraduate major
admission score
student source
college entrance examination volun⁃teer
supply-demand relationship
