摘要
积极应对人口老龄化事关国家发展和民生福祉。我国“十四五”规划指出,要实施积极应对人口老龄化国家战略,健全基本养老服务体系。但目前我国养老领域存在市场需求转换率不高、有效供给不足、供给和需求不匹配、管理运行机制不健全等多方面问题,不利于养老服务行业高质量发展。其中,养老领域供给和需求之间融合问题更为突出。机构养老定价和居民支付不协调、养老服务产业定位与居民认识不匹配、区域间养老服务供需失衡、群体间养老服务供需失衡是当前养老领域供需融合的主要四大矛盾。本文在借鉴美国、日本等发达国家养老领域治理经验的基础上,提出应从需求侧层面改革、明确养老产品和服务的属性、开拓养老领域新营收模式、提高养老人才要素供给能力、统筹推进区域和群体养老协调发展等方面,优化养老领域供需更高水平动态融合。
Actively responding to the aging of the population is related to national development and people ’s livelihood. China ’s “14th Five-Year Plan” pointed out that it is necessary to implement the national strategy of actively coping with the aging of the population and improve the basic old-age service system. However, at present, there are many problems in China ’s pension field, such as low market demand conversion rate, insufficient effective supply, mismatch between supply and demand, and imperfect management and operation mechanism, which is not conducive to the high-quality development of the elderly care service industry. Among them, the integration between supply and demand in the pension field is more prominent. The incongruity between institutional pension pricing and resident payment, the mismatch between the positioning of the elderly care service industry and the residents ’ understanding, the imbalance between the supply and demand of inter-regional elderly care services, and the imbalance between the supply and demand of elderly care services between groups are the four main contradictions in the current integration of supply and demand in the field of elderly care. On the basis of learning from the governance experience of the elderly care field in the United States, Japan and other developed countries, this paper proposes that the dynamic integration of supply and demand in the elderly care field should be optimized from the aspects of demand-side reform, clarifying the attributes of elderly care products and services, opening up new revenue models in the elderly care field, improving the supply capacity of elderly care talents, and coordinate the promotion of regional and group coordinated development of elderly care.
出处
《全球化》
2023年第5期83-95,134,共14页
Globalization
