摘要
【目的】研究废弃煤矿周边农田蔬菜的重金属污染情况及人群健康风险,为煤矿毗邻区域蔬菜种植品种选择及农业资源开发提供参考依据。【方法】采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪,测定渝西某废弃煤矿周边农田种植的9种蔬菜(野葱、青蒜、大葱、白萝卜、红薯、油菜、普通白菜、冬葵和豌豆叶)及各蔬菜对应根际土壤的7种重金属[铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、铬(Cr)、镍(Ni)和锰(Mn)]含量,分析各蔬菜食用部分中重金属元素的富集程度,并运用健康风险指数(HRI)和危害指数(HI)评估食用上述蔬菜对儿童和成人健康的潜在危害。【结果】渝西某废弃煤矿周边蔬菜地土壤受Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd 4种重金属元素的复合污染,其中Cd含量高出重庆土壤背景值2.2~9.1倍,Pb和Cd的地积累指数显示已达中度污染及以上水平,普通白菜地的潜在生态风险指数最高,为302.635,具有较高的潜在生态风险。叶菜类(油菜、普通白菜、冬葵、豌豆叶)和香辛类(野葱、青蒜、大葱)蔬菜可食用部分中Pb、Zn、Cr和Ni含量较高,其中Pb和Ni元素单因子污染指数在各类蔬菜的累积值中是主要贡献元素,其贡献率分别在20.51%~48.73%和16.93%~42.59%。除野葱外,各种蔬菜富集重金属能力大小表现为叶菜类>块根类>香辛类。除青蒜和大葱外,食用其余7种蔬菜的HI均大于1,且HI表现为儿童高于成人,其中叶菜类蔬菜对儿童和成人的HI最大,Cr和Pb的HRI对HI贡献率大,分别为40.06%~64.97%和17.15%~33.52%,食用存在一定的人体健康风险。【结论】渝西某废弃煤矿的开采加重周边农田土壤中的重金属污染,导致蔬菜受重金属污染的程度不同,以叶菜类蔬菜的食用风险较大。建议在该煤矿区周边农田种植蔬菜时尽量不选择叶菜类蔬菜,以减少重金属的摄入。
【Objective】Studying the heavy metal pollution and human health risks of farmland vegetables around abandoned coal mines would provide a reference for the selection of vegetable planting varieties in the vicinity of the coal mines and the development of agricultural resources around coal mines.【Method】The heavy metal contents including copper(Cu),zinc(Zn),lead(Pb),cadmium(Cd),chromium(Cr),nickel(Ni)and manganese(Mn)of Allium chrysanthum(wild onion),Allium sativum(garlic sprouts),Allium fistulosum(green Chinese onion),Raphanus sativus(white radish),Ipomoea batatas(sweet potato),Brassica napus(rape),Brassica pekinensis(Chinese cabbage),Malva verticillata(mallow),Pisum sativum(pea)leaf and corresponding rhizosphere soil were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer.The pollution level of heavy metals in vegetables and their enrichment degrees were assessed,further the local vegetable potential health hazards to the public were evaluated using health risk index(HRI)and hazard index(HI).【Result】The soil around an abandoned coal mine in western Chongqing was mainly polluted by four heavy metals,namely Cu,Zn,Pb and Cd.The content of Cd was 2.2-9.1 times higher than the background value of Chongqing soil.The accumulation index of Pb and Cd showed that the soil was moderately polluted or above.The comprehensive ecological risk of Chinese cabbage plots was the highest(302.635),showing a high potential ecological risk.Compared with the relevant standards,the contents of Pb,Zn,Cr and Ni in edible parts of leafy vegetables(rape,Chinese cabbage,mallow and pea leaf)and aromatic vegetables(wild onion,garlic sprouts and green Chinese onion)were higher,and the single factor pollution index of Pb and Ni elements was the main contributing element in the cumulative value of all kinds of vegetables,with the contribution rates of 20.51%-48.73%and 16.93%-42.59%,respectively.Except for wild onion,the heavy metal enrichment ability of all kinds of vegetables showed the order of leaf vegetables>root tubers>spices.Except for garlic sprouts and green Chinese onion,the HIs of other seven kinds of vegetables were greater than 1,and the HIs of children were higher than those of adults.The HIs of leaf vegetables were the largest for children and adults,and the HRI of Cr and Pb were the main contributing elements of HI,with the contribution rates of 40.06%-64.97%and 17.15%-33.52%,respectively.There were certain human health risks with intaking them.【Conclusion】The mining of an abandoned coal mine in western Chongqing aggravates the heavy metal pollution in the surrounding farmland soil,resulting in different degrees of heavy metal pollution in vegetables,thereinto consumption of leafy vegetables cause a higher risk.So,it is advised to choose not planting leafy vegetables in the farmland surrounding the coal mine area to reduce the intake of heavy metals.
作者
刘菊梅
任艳霞
司万童
冉鱼林
李维霖
李佳佳
孙畅
兰宗宝
LIU Ju-mei;REN Yan-xia;SI Wan-tong;RAN Yu-lin;LI Wei-lin;LI Jia-jia;SUN Chang;LAN Zong-bao(College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering,Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Remediation Technology,Chongqing 402160,China;Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210042,China;Chongqing Institute of Surveying and Monitoring for Planning and Natural Resources,Chongqing 401120,China;Key Laboratory of Monitoring,Evaluation and Early Warning of Territorial Spatial Planning Implementation,Ministry of Natural Resources,Chongqing 401120,China;Agricultural Science and Technology Information Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning,Guangxi 530007,China)
出处
《南方农业学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第6期1810-1818,共9页
Journal of Southern Agriculture
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(42103078)
重庆市自然科学基金项目(cstc2020jcyj-msxmX1011)
重庆市教委科学技术研究项目(KJQN202001326)
重庆市大学生创新创业训练项目(S202210642021)。
关键词
煤矿
重金属
蔬菜
健康风险
coal mine
heavy metals
vegetables
health risk
