摘要
黄河水源涵养区(黄河源区、渭河华县站以上和伊洛河流域)是黄河流域的主要产水区,辨识其径流的综合变化特征及空间差异,可为分析变化环境下黄河流域水循环演变与归因提供重要的科学依据。当前研究重点关注环境变化对黄河流域径流量的影响规律,仍无法全面回答径流情势的变化特征及空间分异。论文以水源涵养区的31个源头小流域为研究对象,采用去趋势预置白(Theil-Sen trend-free pre-whitening with Mann-Kendall test,TFPWMK)方法、Sen斜率估计和聚类分析等手段,检测了2000—2020年源头小流域内量级、变率、频率、持续时间和时序5类径流情势特征指标的变化趋势,并辨识了其主要类型及空间分布。结果表明:(1)大部分源头小流域的所有流量的量级、高流量变率和低流量频率显著增加,低流量的变率、高流量频率以及所有持续时间和时序指标显著下降。(2)典型径流情势变化在湟水、洮河、渭河下游和洛河对气候变化更敏感,主要为高流量量级显著增加、但时序显著减少,低流量频率显著增加、但总历时和时序显著减少。(3)径流情势特征指标变化可分为3类:第一类占42%,位于洮河、湟水、渭河干支流及伊河干流,表现为量级、变率和频率显著增加,历时和时序显著下降;第二类占35%,位于三大流域分区的上游和下游,表现为变率下降、低流量的其他指标显著增加,而高流量5类指标均显著下降;第三类占23%,位于三大流域分区的中下游,表现为量级和频率显著增加,变率、历时和时序显著下降。
The water conservation zone of the Yellow River(including the source region of the Yellow River,the Weihe River Watershed controlled by the Huaxian Station,and the Yiluo River Watershed)is the main runoff producing area.Identifying the comprehensive change characteristics and spatial differences of flow regime can provide an important scientific basis for analyzing the water cycle evolutions and their causes in the Yellow River Basin under the changing environment.Current research focused on the influence of environmental change on runoff magnitude in the Yellow River Basin,but cannot comprehensively explain the change characteristics and spatial differences of flow regimes.In this study,31 source small watersheds in the water conservation zone of the Yellow River were taken as the research areas.The characteristics of flow regimes,including the magnitude,rate of change,frequency,duration,and timing metrics,were comprehensively considered.The Theil-Sen trend-free pre-whitening with Mann-Kendall(TFPW-MK)trend analysis and Sen's slope estimator methods were used to detect the variation of flow regime metrics in all the watersheds from 2000 to 2020.The hierarchical clustering method was used to identify the main patterns of flow regime changes and spatial distribution characteristics.The results show that:1)At most watersheds,significant increases in all magnitude metrics,rate of change in high flow,and low flow frequency were detected,while rate of change in low flow,high flow frequency,and all duration and timing metrics showed a significant decrease.2)The typical flow regimes found in the Huangshui River,the Tao River,downstream of the Weihe River,and the Luohe River were more sensitive to climate change,mainly showed significant increase in high flow magnitude but decrease in timing,and significant increase in low flow frequency but decrease in duration and timing metrics.3)The variation of flow regime characteristics was divided into three patterns.The first pattern accounted for 42%,located in the Taohe River,the Huangshui River,the trunk and tributaries of the Weihe River,and the main stream of the Yi River,with significant increases in magnitude,frequency,and rate of change,and significant decreases in duration and timing.The second pattern accounted for 35%,located in the upstream and downstream of the three major watershed divisions,with metrics of low flow increased significantly except for a decrease in rate of change;while the five type metrics in high flow all decreased significantly.The third pattern accounted for 23%,located in the middle and lower reaches of the three watershed divisions,with significant increases in magnitude and frequency,and significant decreases in rate of change,duration,and timing.
作者
曹灿
张永勇
刘玉
张世彦
刘晓洁
王国庆
CAO Can;ZHANG Yongyong;LIU Yu;ZHANG Shiyan;LIU Xiaojie;WANG Guoqing(Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China;University of Chinese Academic of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Aerospace Information Research Institute,CAS,Beijing 100101,China;Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,Nanjing 210029,China)
出处
《地理科学进展》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第9期1667-1676,共10页
Progress in Geography
基金
国家重点研发计划课题(2021YFC3201102)。
关键词
径流情势
趋势变化
模式辨识
系统聚类
水源涵养区
flow regimes
trend change
pattern identification
systematic clustering
water conservation zone
