摘要
在着力改善双向循环经济结构和推动乡村全面振兴的背景下,大规模的返乡创业潮为深挖农村消费大市场和激活农村居民消费潜力提供了广阔空间。文章借助返乡创业试点政策这一准自然实验,利用多时点双重差分模型,探究了劳动力返乡创业对农村居民家庭消费的影响与机制。研究表明:返乡创业试点政策能够显著提升农村家庭的消费水平,在利用平行趋势检验、安慰剂检验、PSM-DID等多种方法检验后,研究结论保持一致。在作用路径上,返乡创业不仅能促进农民收入增加,改善农村内部收入差距,还能增加农村公共物品供给,优化农村消费环境,进而提升农村家庭消费水平,促进农村消费内需动力进一步释放。异质性分析表明:返乡创业活动对中西部以及经济欠发达地区农村家庭消费的提升作用更明显。同时,返乡创业不仅能增加家庭消费多样性,促使农村家庭消费由生存型和发展型消费向享受型消费倾斜,还可以改善当地农村家庭消费不平等的状况,使全体社会成员平等共享经济发展成果。由此,在有序扩大返乡创业试点实施范围的同时,也应更加注重提升劳动力创业能力和优化农村创业环境,为促进农村消费增长和改善农村居民福利提供有利条件。
The enhancement of rural households living standards is closely associated with the escalation in consumption expenditure and the diversification of consumption patterns.It is posited that genuine improvement in the quality of life is substantiated by the elevation of both the scale and diversity of consumption.Targeting the rural consumption market as the primary catalyst for unlocking consumption potential and fostering the evolution of rural consumption is not only an objective necessity for cultivating a robust domestic market and mitigating the challenges posed by international competition but also quintessential for advancing rural revitalization and achieving widespread prosperity.Concurrently,in recent years,the promotion of“mass entrepreneurship and innovation,”coupled with the national rural revitalization strategy and the unpredictable market environment,has altered the cost-benefit analysis concerning rural versus urban employment and entrepreneurship among Chinese rural laborers.This has led to a shift from a"wave of migrant workers"to a"wave of returning entrepreneurs,"marked by a substantial increase in both the scale and quality of entrepreneurship among this populace.This study employs a quasi-natural experiment design,utilizing the Returning-home Entrepreneurship Pilot Policy,to empirically analyze the ramifications of labor force entrepreneurship on rural household consumption.The analysis is performed via a difference-in-differences model incorporating multi-temporal microdata from fixed rural observation sites throughout China.The results indicate that the pilot policy significantly elevates local rural residents'consumption levels.This elevation is attributed not only to an augmentation in rural household incomes and a reduction in income disparities but also to an enhancement in the supply of rural public goods and optimization of the rural consumption environment.The heterogeneity analysis reveals that the policy impact is particularly pronounced in the central and western regions,and in economically less developed areas.Moreover,it stimulates a shift in household consumption patterns from subsistence and development-oriented consumption towards more discretionary,enjoyment-oriented consumption,thereby improving local consumption inequality.In light of these findings,it is imperative to expand the implementation of the Returning-home Entrepreneurship Pilot Policy systematically while concurrently bolstering entrepreneurial capacity and fostering an conducive entrepreneurial environment in rural areas.This entails promoting the policy in additional counties,ensuring the quality of development and tailoring policies to local conditions.It is also imperative to strengthen the entrepreneurial acumen of returning laborers through the establishment of entrepreneurship training platforms facilitated by government agencies.Such platforms should offer a diversified range of training to enhance efficacy and relevancy,thereby equipping returnees with the necessary skills to engage in entrepreneurial activities.Additionally,an active fiscal policy emphasizing equal opportunities,a vibrant entrepreneurial culture,and an environment conducive to entrepreneurship should be adopted.This would involve optimizing factors such as entrepreneurial atmosphere,opportunity recognition,value sharing culture,financing support,and tax incentives,thus stimulating the propensity of laborers to engage in entrepreneurial endeavors upon returning to their hometowns.This multifaceted approach lays the foundation for synergistic domestic and international development cycles and the comprehensive revitalization of rural areas.
作者
魏滨辉
罗明忠
夏海龙
曾春影
Wei Binhui;Luo Mingzhong;Xia Hailong;Zeng Chunying
出处
《南方经济》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第10期145-160,共16页
South China Journal of Economics
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目“非平衡增长理论视角下返乡创业对县域产业升级的影响:作用机理及实现路径”(72373043)
国家社会科学基金青年项目“乡村振兴背景下小农户对接电商市场的机制与路径研究”(22CGL027)
广东省自然科学基金青年项目“小农户视角下农业数字化转型障碍因素及其包容性绿色发展机制研究”(2022A1515110614)资助。
关键词
返乡创业
农村消费
消费环境
准自然实验
Returning-Home Entrepreneurship
Rural Consumption
Consumption Environment
Quasi-Natural Experiments
