摘要
目的:探讨优秀跳远运动员主项和兼项成绩随时间推移变化的特点。方法:根据国际田联公布的第30-32届奥运会、第16-18届世锦赛男子跳远决赛前8名选手,以及自1990年以来世界田联所公布排名前20选手的信息,对其基础信息、不同年份成绩变化特点、兼项特点及成绩、停止参赛的年龄和停止兼项的时间点进行研究,旨在为教练员的训练提供一些启示。结果:①优秀男子跳远运动员的身高为184.4±5.6cm,体重为76.1±5.9kg,最好比赛成绩为8.52±0.19m,取得最好成绩时的年龄为24.7±3.5岁。②优秀跳远运动员普遍从15岁起开始进行跳远比赛,到18岁时,大多数优秀跳远运动员把参加跳远训练和比赛作为自己的竞技奋斗目标。③优秀跳远运动员成绩的增长期、高峰期、下降期分别出现在14-20岁、20-31岁、31-39岁。④优秀跳远运动员主要选择100m、三级跳远、跳高等与主项较为接近的项目作为兼项,且兼项成绩普遍优异。优秀跳远运动员选取的兼项对主项成绩的提升有促进作用,而兼项成绩提升与主项成绩的提升呈正相关。⑤在成绩增长期和下降期停止兼项的运动员,其最好成绩优于在成绩高峰期停止兼项的运动员。停止兼项时间较晚的运动员存在竞技年限较长、最好成绩较高的现象。
OBJECTIVE:This study aims to investigate the performance trends over time among exceptional long jump athletes in their primary and secondary events.METHODS:Analyzing data from the top 8 male long jump finalists at the 30th to 32nd Olympic Games,as well as the 16th to 18th World Championships,and information on the top 20 ranked athletes globally by World Athletics since 1990,this study examines their fundamental details,performance fluctuations across different years,secondary event preferences,secondary event accomplishments,age of retirement from competition,and the point at which they cease participating in secondary events.The aim is to provide valuable insights for coaches and trainers.RESULTS:(1)Elite male long jump athletes have an average height of 184.4±5.6 cm,weigh 76.1±5.9 kg,achieve their best performance at 8.52±0.19 m,and reach their peak performance at an average age of 24.7±3.5 years.(2)Most elite long jump athletes commence long jump competitions at the age of 15,and by the time they reach 18,long jump becomes their primary athletic focus.(3)The performance growth phase,peak phase,and decline phase for elite long jump athletes typically occur between ages 14-20,20-31,and 31-39,respectively.(4)These athletes predominantly select secondary events like the 100m,triple jump,or high jump,closely related to long jump,and they often excel in these secondary events.Secondary events have a positive impact on enhancing their main event performance,and there exists a positive correlation between improvements in secondary event performance and main event performance.(5)Athletes who cease participating in secondary events during the performance growth or decline phase outperform those who stop during the peak phase in their main events.Athletes who discontinue their secondary events at a later stage tend to have longer competitive careers and achieve higher peak performances.
作者
王伟羽
王国杰
唐浩天
王文杰
Wang Weiyu;Wang Guojie;Tang Haotian;Wang Wenjie(Sports Training Institute,Nanjing Sport Institute,Nanjing 210023,China)
出处
《体育科技文献通报》
2023年第9期100-102,107,共4页
Bulletin of Sport Science & Technology
关键词
优秀跳远运动员
主项成绩变化
兼项成绩
兼项特点
exceptional long jump athletes
main event performance variations
secondary event performance
secondary event characteristics
