摘要
数字贸易的迅猛发展促使数据跨境流动愈发频繁,带来国家安全方面的风险。安全例外条款成为衡平自由贸易与国家安全利益之间冲突的“调节器”。《区域全面经济伙伴关系协定》《全面与进步跨太平洋伙伴关系协定》等自由贸易协定沿用了WTO安全例外条款,拓展了安全例外条款在数字贸易领域的功能与适用,同时也提升了其被滥用的风险,而善意原则为安全例外条款的解释与适用提供了基本遵循。基于善意原则的基本内涵,依据《维也纳条约法公约》有关善意解释和善意履行的规定,厘清安全例外条款中“基本安全利益”等重要术语的含义,以区分合法的国家安全措施与保护主义措施。为避免例外条款的滥用,应坚持将善意原则贯穿于安全例外条款解释与适用的始终,明确善意援引安全例外条款的限制条件,合理分配涉诉措施关于“善意”的证明责任。
The rapid development of digital trade has caused more frequent cross-border flows of data,bringing risks to national security.The security exception clause plays the role of“regulator”to balance the conflict between free trade and national security interests.Free trade agreements such as Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership(RCEP),and Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership(CPTPP)follow the WTO security exception clause,expand the function and application of this clause in the field of digital trade on the one hand,but increase the risk of abuse on the other.The principle of good faith provides a basic guideline for the interpretation and application of the clause.According to its connotation as well as its interpretation and practice in the provisions of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties,the present paper aims to clarify the important terms including“basic security interest”in the clause to distinguish legitimate national security measures and protectionist measures.To avoid the abuse of this clause,the principle of good faith shall be applied in the interpretation and application of the clause.Besides,the restrictions on invoking the clause in good faith shall be clarified,and the burden of proof of the litigationrelated measures on“good faith”shall be reasonably allocated.
作者
徐莉
XU Li(Law School,Changsha University of Science and Technology,Changsha 410114,China)
出处
《兰州大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第5期99-109,共11页
Journal of Lanzhou University（Social Sciences）
基金
国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“WTO‘公共道德例外’条款发展研究”(21FFXB048)。
关键词
数字贸易
善意原则
安全例外条款
数字贸易规制
基本安全利益
digital trade
the principle of good faith
security exception clause
digital trade regulation
basic security interests
