摘要
非洲马瘟(African horse sickness,AHS)是由非洲马瘟病毒(African horse sickness virus,AHSV)感染引起的一种以马属动物为主要感染对象的非接触性传染病,主要通过库蜢等媒介传播,呈季节性、地方性流行。该病可通过病原学和血清学方法进行检测,其中病原学方法包括病毒分离、反转录聚合酶链式反应(reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction,RT-PCR)等,血清学检测方法包括酶联免疫吸附试验(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)、补体结合试验(complement fixation test,CFT)等。目前,市场上尚无针对该病的安全有效疫苗,多种疫苗尚处于研发阶段。笔者综述了AHSV的检测方法,比较了AHSV灭活疫苗、弱毒疫苗、活载体疫苗、反向遗传(reverse genetics,RG)疫苗及病毒样颗粒(virus-like particle,VLP)疫苗等的优缺点,以期为AHS诊断与疫苗的研究提供参考。
African horse sickness(AHS)is a non-contagious disease caused by African horse sickness virus(AHSV)infection,which mainly infects equine and is transmitted by vectors such as Culicoides.It is a seasonal endemic disease.The disease can be detected by etiological and serological methods,etiological methods included virus isolation,reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),etc.Serological methods included enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),complement fixation test(CFT),etc.At present,there is no safe and effective vaccine against the disease in the market,and many vaccines are still in the research and development stage.The author reviewed the detection methods of AHSV and compared the advantages and disadvantages of inactivated vaccine,attenuated vaccine,live carrier vaccine,reverse genetics(RG)vaccine and virus-like particle(VLP)vaccine of AHS,in order to provide reference for the diagnosis and vaccine of AHS.
作者
张桂铭
张敏
王静文
张兵
杨承槐
ZHANG Guiming;ZHANG Min;WANG Jingwen;ZHANG Bing;YANG Chenghuai(China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control,Beijing 100081,China)
出处
《黑龙江畜牧兽医》
北大核心
2023年第18期39-45,50,共8页
Heilongjiang Animal Science And veterinary Medicine
基金
国家重点研发计划项目“边境地区和重要口岸动物病原监测溯源技术研究及应用”(2021YFD1800504)
中国兽医药品监察所兽药行业公益性重点专项“非洲马瘟病毒毒种研究”(GY202030)。
关键词
非洲马瘟
病原学诊断
血清学诊断
酶联免疫吸附试验
补体结合试验
灭活疫苗
活疫苗
重组疫苗
African horse sickness
etiological diagnosis
serodiagnosis
enzyme linked immunosorbent assay
complement fixation test
inactivated vaccine
livevaccine
recombinantvaccine
