摘要
儿童的身心健康是由家庭和学校两个场域共同塑造的,但以往对于农村留守儿童健康劣势形成机制的研究主要聚焦于父母陪伴缺失和家庭收入增加,鲜有文献涉及留守儿童在父母缺位情况下与同辈群体的互动。本文基于对1600余名7~17岁四川省农村中小学生的调查,构建了作业小组、八卦传播、游戏玩伴和情感倾诉对象4种具体的人际网络以及广义的好友网络,在此基础上探讨留守儿童与非留守儿童的社会网络结构差异及其在留守儿童心理健康劣势形成中所起的作用。本文发现:第一,源节点为留守儿童时,他和留守儿童结为好友的概率高于和非留守儿童结为好友的概率,但非留守儿童交友时并未排斥留守儿童;第二,心理健康状态的传递能够在情感倾诉网络和好友网络中发生;第三,留守儿童的心理健康状态比非留守儿童要差,社会网络总体上有助于缩小两类儿童之间的心理健康状态差距,但各个网络的作用大小存在差异。基于此,可以合理安排留守儿童的座位、宿舍和作息时间,对留守儿童的班级社会网络进行适度干预,从而使学校同辈群体在改善留守儿童心理健康状况方面发挥更大的正面作用。
Children’s physical and mental health is jointly shaped by family and school.However,previous studies on the health disadvantage of left-behind children in rural areas focused on the lack of parental company and the increase of family income,ignoring how left-behind children interact with peer groups in the absence of parents.We investigate more than 1,600 rural primary and middle school students aged 7-17 in Sichuan Province and constructs four specific networks and generalized friendship networks in each class,including homework partners,gossip partners,game partners and emotional confidants.Based on the network data,we discuss the structural differences of social networks between left-behind children and non-left-behind children,and their roles in leading to the mental health disadvantage of left behind children.Our findings are as follows:(1)Left-behind children as source nodes are more likely to form connections with left-behind children than with non-left-behind children,but non-left-behind children do not exclude left-behind children when making friends.(2)The contagion of depression only occurs in the emotional pouring network and friendship network.(3)Networks play a buffer role to the mental health gap between left-behind children and non-left-behind children on the whole,but the effects of these four special networks are heterogeneous.We suggest shifting the focus of the policy on left-behind children from families to schools,making peer interaction play a greater role in improving the mental health of left-behind children by arranging their seats,dormitories,and timetables.
作者
王天宇
周晔馨
WANG Tianyu;ZHOU Yexin
出处
《中国农村观察》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第5期164-184,共21页
China Rural Survey
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目“留守与流动儿童的非认知能力发展:基于大样本田野实验和微观调查的研究”(批准号:72073016)资助。
