摘要
【目的】再野化被认为是生态保护修复的重要手段,有必要进一步从景观尺度探索基于再野化的生态保护修复新理念和新方法,并在宏观尺度考察再野化对生态保护修复的重要价值。【方法】采用验证性案例分析,本文利用1992—2022年802份政策文本,通过量化比对和质化提炼相结合的方法,检验再野化TSD模型在中国生态保护修复中的适用性,并讨论中国生态保护修复的独特制度设计。【结果】研究发现:①在中国生态保护修复中,TSD模型的目标与3个理论要素均得到验证。其中,目标包含“复杂生态系统自我维持”和“生态功能与体验”,3个理论要素指“营养复杂性”“随机自然扰动”和“扩散”。②根据横向要素对比检验,中国生态保护修复目标对“生态功能与体验”关注不足;理论要素中聚焦“营养复杂性”和“随机自然扰动”,对“扩散”关注稍有不足。③纵向要素演化检验显示,中国生态保护修复目标已从单纯的“土地退出”延伸到“山水林田湖草沙”生命共同体建设;三大理论要素中,营养复杂性这一维度逐渐从物种规模扩大转向物种回归,随机自然扰动维度从人类主导转向自然恢复,扩散维度则不断从核心地保护过渡到自然保护地网络重构。【结论】再野化TSD模型适用于中国生态保护修复,且其适用性与中国生态保护修复政策以土地利用变化为基础密不可分。不同于北美对引入大型哺乳动物的重视,也区别于欧洲对废弃土地的被动管理,中国基于土地利用的生态保护修复强调人类从生产性土地有管理地主动撤退,是符合国情、具有中国特色的政策设计。
[Objective]Rewilding is regarded as an important tool for ecological protection and restoration.It is necessary to further explore new concepts and methods of ecological conservation and restoration based on rewilding at the landscape scale,and to examine the important value of rewilding for ecological conservation and restoration at the macro scale.[Methods]Using verified case study,we examined the applicability of the TSD model of rewilding in China’s ecological protection and restoration through a combination of quantitative comparison and qualitative analysis based on 802 policy texts from 1992-2022,and discussed China’s unique institutional design for ecological protection and restoration.[Results]We found that:(1)The objectives of the TSD model and the three theoretical elements are validated in Chinese ecological protection and restoration.The objectives include“self-sustaining of complex ecosystems”and“ecological function and experience”,and the three theoretical elements are“trophic complexity”,“stochastic disturbance”,and“dispersal”.(2)According to the horizontal comparison test of basic elements,the goal setting of China’s ecological protection and restoration does not pay enough attention to“ecological function and experience”,the theoretical elements focus primarily on“trophic complexity”and“stochastic disturbances”but not“dispersal”.(3)Longitudinal comparative test of element evolution showed that the goal of ecological protection and restoration has been extended from land withdrawal to developing the life community of mountains,rivers,forests,farmlands,lakes,grasslands,and deserts.The three theoretical elements also changed from species range expansion to reintroduction,from core land conservation to protected areas network reconstruction,and from human-induced to nature-induced changes.[Conclusion]The rewilding TSD model is applicable to ecological conservation and restoration in China,and its applicability is closely related to the fact that China’s ecological conservation and restoration policy is rooted in land use change.Unlike North America’s emphasis on the introduction of large mammals and Europe’s passive management of abandoned land,China advocates embedding ecological protection and restoration in land use change,emphasising managed and active human retreat from productive lands,which is a Chinese-style institutional design that is appropriate to national conditions.
作者
徐孟志
李继霞
印朗川
王华春
XU Mengzhi;LI Jixia;YIN Langchuan;WANG Huachun(School of Government,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;School of Geographical Sciences,Hunan Normal University,Changsha 410081,China)
出处
《资源科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第8期1634-1646,共13页
Resources Science
关键词
生态保护修复
再野化
理论检验
中国情境
TSD模型
政策文献计量方法
ecological protection and restoration
rewilding
theoretical test
Chinese context
the TSD model
quantitative analysis of policy texts
