摘要
以大豆、玉米为代表的饲料原料是当前和今后一个时期我国进口依赖度最高的粮食品种,而提高自给率面临有限耕地资源约束下大豆和玉米争地矛盾突出的问题,破解争地矛盾急需探索二者的兼容发展模式。我国近期在“开源”和“节流”两端同时发力,实施了一系列举措。在“开源”端,推广大豆玉米带状复合种植模式(黄淮海、西北、西南地区)和扩大粮豆轮作试点(东北地区)是代表性举措;在“节流”端,推广饲料中玉米豆粕减量替代技术是加强粮食全产业链各环节节约减损的一项重要内容。从专家测产测算结果和试点情况看,这三项举措预期都会产生显著的生产生态效益。从实施情况看,要想大面积推广取得预期效果,需要解决的瓶颈问题是,如何从优化补贴政策设计、提供农机农艺融合解决方案、强化技术培训及示范推广等方面构建有效的激励机制,以此调动关联市场主体的参与积极性。
Feed crops represented by soybean and maize in China are and will heavily dependent on import.Improving the self-sufficiency faces the major problem of competition between soybean and maize for limited arable land resources.It is urgent to explore a compatible development model for the two crops so as to address the land competition.China has launched a series of measures to both increasing the planting area and reducing the consumption of the two crops.In terms of increasing the planting area,the soybean-maize interplanting model is promoted in the Huang-Huai-Hai region,northwest China,and southwest China,and the pilot grain-soybean rotation areas are expanded in northeast China.As for reducing the consumption,maize and soybean meal used in the production of feed are reduced and replaced,which is an important measure to save resources and reduce losses throughout the grain industry chain.The results of production measurement and pilot projects show that the three measures are expected to produce significant ecological benefits in production.To achieve the expected results in large-scale production,a bottleneck problem needs to be solved.That is,an effective incentive mechanism needs to developed from optimizing subsidy policy design,providing solutions for integrating agricultural machinery and agronomic measures,and strengthening technical training and demonstration promotion,which can be leveraged to mobilize the enthusiasm of related market entities.
作者
刘慧
赵一夫
LIU Hui;ZHAO Yifu(Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081)
出处
《经济纵横》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第9期111-119,共9页
Economic Review Journal
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“耕地-技术-政策融合视角的‘两藏’战略研究”(编号:21ZDA056)
中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目(编号:10-IAED-06-2023)的成果。
关键词
大豆
玉米
自给率
兼容发展
模式技术
Soybean
Maize
Self-sufficiency Rate
Compatible Development
Model and Technology
