摘要
龙卷风因生消迅速和破坏力强而实测数据稀少,灾后调研成为龙卷强度等级评定和结构破坏机理分析的重要途径。2019年7月3日约17:15,辽宁省开原市突发EF4级龙卷风,附近最大风速可达23 m/s(9级)。基于现场灾情调研判别了龙卷风沿路径的强度等级变化,并依据功能丧失与修复难易程度制定了龙卷风作用下结构破坏等级标准,重点分析了龙卷风下轻钢结构、砖木结构和钢筋混凝土结构的破坏特征,并从构造、传力机理等方面探讨了破坏原因。调研结果表明:建筑物因结构类型差异而表现出不同的破坏特征,其中钢筋混凝土结构仅围护结构受损,表现出最佳抗风性能,而轻钢结构多为扭曲倒塌,砖木结构多发生屋面被吹飞;建议钢筋混凝土结构减少使用屋面瓦片,轻钢结构在屋面边角区增加螺钉数量或减小檩条间距,砖木结构加强屋面与墙体之间的连接。
Damage investigation has become an important way of rating tornado strength and analyzing structural failure mechanism,as measured data of tornadoes are rare due to short duration and severe destruction.At around 17∶15 on July 3,2019,an EF4 tornado occurred in Kaiyuan City,Liaoning Province,and the maximum wind speed nearby was 23m/s(level 9).Based on the on-site damage investigation,the variation of tornado intensity along the damage path was identified.Also,classification of tornado damage to structures was created in accordance with the extent of the function loss and the repair difficulty.The failure characteristics of light steel structures,brick-wood structures and reinforced concrete structures under tornado were analyzed emphatically,and the causes of failure were discussed from the aspects of structural configuration and force transmission mechanism.The results of damage investigation indicate that buildings show different failure characteristics due to the diverse structural types,in which the reinforced concrete structures show the best wind resistance performance with only cladding structures damage,while the light steel structures are mostly twisted and collapsed,and the brick-wood structures often suffered from roof blowing.It is suggested that reinforced concrete structures reduce the use of roof tiles,light steel structures increase the number of strews or reduce the purlin spacing,and brick-wood structures strengthen the connection between the roof and walls.
作者
杨庆山
王雨
回忆
田玉基
解华
钱铮
吴慧群
YANG Qingshan;WANG Yu;HUI Yi;TIAN Yuji;XIE Hua;QIAN Zheng;WU Huiqun(School of Civil Engineering,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400045,China;Chongqing’s Key Laboratory of Wind Engineering and Wind Resource Utilization,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400045,China;School of Civil Engineering,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China;Zhejiang Jiangnan Project Management Company Limited,Hangzhou 310007,China)
出处
《建筑结构学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第9期183-190,共8页
Journal of Building Structures
基金
国家自然科学基金创新研究群体项目(52221002)
国家自然科学基金-重点国际(地区)合作研究项目(51720105005)。
关键词
龙卷风
灾害调研
结构破坏等级
破坏特征
减灾措施
tornado
damage investigation
structural damage level
failure characteristic
hazard mitigation measure
