摘要
沙漠化是中国面临的主要生态环境问题之一。持续遏制沙漠化、修复沙化土地是中国生态建设的紧迫任务。通过人工植被种植、机械固沙、化学固沙和工程固沙的方式进行生态恢复和沙漠化防治是中国主要的治沙方法和途径,但也存在一定的局限性,如水分限制和环境污染等。在生态文明建设和绿色发展的背景下,对固沙和沙化土地治理方法提出了更高的要求。生物土壤结皮(Biological soil crusts,BSCs)广泛分布在中国沙区,能够在气候干旱、辐射强、降水量极低的沙漠地区生长,不仅能够减少沙面的侵蚀,还能增加土壤肥力,提高土地质量,控制沙面径流入渗平衡。蓝藻是BSCs形成的先锋物种,并在BSCs发育后期的物种形成和演替中发挥着重要作用。然而,自然条件下BSCs形成往往需要10~20 a,因此通过人工培育加速BSCs形成,即人工生物土壤结皮固沙技术,可显著缩短固沙时间、加速生态恢复速率。基于近年来中国学者对人工BSCs,尤其是人工蓝藻结皮的研究,从固沙蓝藻种选择、培养方式/模式、人工蓝藻结皮属性、影响因子以及其应用进行综述,分析当前研究的主要进展,并展望未来人工蓝藻结皮的研究方向,以期为中国人工BSCs的研究提供依据。
Desertification is one of the main ecological and environmental problems in China.It is urgent to continue to curb desertification and restore desertified land and protect China's green waters and mountains.Ecological restoration and desertification prevention through artificial vegetation,mechanical sand fixation,chemical sand fixation and engineering sand fixation are the main sand control methods and approaches in China,but there are also certain limitations,such as water limitation and environmental pollution.Under the requirements of ecological civilization and green development,higher requirements are put forward for the treatment methods of sand fixation and desertification land.Biological soil crusts(BSCs)are widely distributed in sandy areas in China,and can grow in desert areas with strong arid climate radiation and extremely low precipitation,which can not only reduce the erosion of sand surface,but also increase soil fertility,improve land quality,and control sand surface runoff infiltration balance.Cyanobacteria are pioneer species in the formation of BSCs and play an important role in speciation and succession in the later stages of BSC development.However,the formation of BSCs under natural conditions often takes 10-20 years,so the formation of BSCs is accelerated through artificial cultivation,that is,artificial biological soil crusting and sand fixation technology,which significantly shortens the sand fixation time and accelerates the ecological recovery rate.Based on the research of artificial BSCs,especially artificial cyanobacteria crust,by Chinese scholars in recent years,this paper reviews the selection,cultivation mode/mode,properties and influencing factors of artificial cyanobacteria and their applications,analyzes the main progress of current research,and looks forward to the future research direction of artificial cyanobacteria crust,in order to provide a basis for the research of artificial BSCs in China.
作者
赵燕翘
连煜超
许文文
赵逸雪
韩高玲
赵洋
Zhao Yanqiao;Lian Yuchao;Xu Wenwen;Zhao Yixue;Han Gaoling;Zhao Yang(Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)
出处
《中国沙漠》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第5期214-222,共9页
Journal of Desert Research
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(32171630,32061123006)
中国科学院“西部之光”重点项目。
关键词
生物土壤结皮
人工蓝藻结皮
沙漠化
沙区
生态恢复
biological soil crusts
artificial cyanobacteria crusts
desertification
sand area
ecological restoration
