摘要
碳水化合物在自然界中广泛存在,主要来源于植物、动物、微生物。碳水化合物一般被分为4类:单糖、双糖、寡糖和多糖。碳水化合物是人体必需的三大营养素之一,最基本的生理功能是为人体的生命活动提供能量。但是,随着近年来全球社会经济的快速发展,人们健康意识逐渐增强。大家对碳水化合物摄入有了新的需求,具备各种功能的碳水化合物成为人们研究的热点。同时,越来越多的功能性碳水化合物被人类发现并应用在食品中。功能性碳水化合物主要分为膳食纤维、抗性淀粉、抗性糊精、活性多糖、功能性低聚糖、糖醇等代糖。功能性碳水化合物具有与人体健康密切相关的多种生理功能,在提供能量、构成机体成分、调节蛋白质代谢、抗生酮、保护肝脏以及调节肠道菌群等方面发挥着重要的作用。阐述了碳水化合物的生理功能及常见功能性碳水化合物的研究进展,并展望了功能性碳水化合物的未来发展趋势。希望可以以此丰富人们对功能性碳水化合物的科学认识,为功能性碳水化合物的深入研究及相关食品开发提供理论参考。
Carbohydrates exist widely in nature,mainly from plants,animals,microorganisms.Carbohydrates are generally divided into four groups:monosaccharides,disaccharides,oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.Carbohydrate is one of the three essential nutrients of human body,and the basic physiological function is to provide energy for the life activities of human body.However,with the rapid development of global social economy in recent years,people s health awareness has gradually increased,which makes everyone have a new demand for carbohydrate intake,and carbohydrates with various functions have become a hot spot for people to study.Meanwhile,more and more functional carbohydrates are being discovered and used in food.Functional carbohydrates mainly include dietary fiber,resistant starch,resistant dextrin,active polysaccharide,functional oligosaccharides,sugar alcohols and other sugar substitutes.They have a variety of physiological functions closely related to human health,and play an important role in providing energy,constituting body components,regulating protein metabolism,anti-ketogenesis,protecting the liver and regulating intestinal flora.The common physiological functions of carbohydrates and the research progress of common functional carbohydrates were reviewed.The development trend of functional carbohydrates in the future was prospected.This paper aimed to enrich people s scientific understanding of functional carbohydrates and provide theoretical reference for further research on functional carbohydrates and related food development.
作者
金征宇
程昊
陈龙
JIN Zhengyu;CHENG Hao;CHEN Long(School of Food Science and Technology/State Key Lab of Food Science and Resources,Jiangnan University,Wuxi 214122,China)
出处
《食品科学技术学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第6期1-8,共8页
Journal of Food Science and Technology
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(32130084,32101990,32372475)
江苏省自然科学基金资助项目(BK20200617)
江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(KYCX23_2516)。
关键词
碳水化合物
功能性
抗性淀粉
抗性糊精
功能性低聚糖
carbohydrates
functionality
resistant starch
resistant dextrin
functional oligosaccharides
