摘要
目的探讨全身性反应献血不良反应的防范及处置对策。方法收集韶关市2016年1月—2022年1月全身性反应献血不良反应者2194例的相关资料,梳理分析不良反应发生的原因,并根据献血不良反应发生的地点分为献血场所发生(当场)和离开献血场所发生(离场)2个亚类,运用统计学方法对两种类型不良反应与年龄、体重、首次献血及性别的关联进行分析。结果2194例全身性反应献血不良反应中,献血场所发生2146例,发生率为1.11%(2146/192691);离开献血场所发生48例,发生率为0.02%(48/192691)。当场和离场两种不良反应类型在性别分布上差异有统计学意义(X^(2)=88.79 P<0.01),女性献血者发生献血不良反应的概率明显高于男性;当场不良反应献血者的年龄主要集中在18—29岁;离场不良反应献血者的年龄主要集中在30—39岁和40—49岁,在年龄分布上差异有统计学意义(X^(2)=81.80 P<0.05);当场不良反应献血者的体重主要集中在55—64kg,其次是66—74kg;离场不良反应献血者的体重主要集中在75kg及以上,在体重分布上差异有统计学意义(X^(2)=18.33 P<0.05)。在诱发献血不良反应五类原因中,心理因素占比最高(72.79%)。结论全身性反应献血不良反应与性别、年龄、体重及是否首次献血等因素有关;发生原因中心理因素(献血前精神过度紧张)占比最高,要更加关注女性及18—29岁年轻献血者、体重55—64kg和75kg以上的献血者和首次献血者,注重献血前、中、后注意事项的告知及与献血者的有效沟通,提高穿刺技术、改善献血环境,献血后留观30分钟,做好献血后的随访工作。
Objective To explore the prevention and treatment of systemic adverse reactions in blood donation.Methods Collect data on 2194 cases of general-body response donation adverse reactions from January 2016 to January 2022,comb and analyze the causes of adverse reactions,and according to the time and place of adverse blood donation occurred(on-site)and the place of blood donation occurred(on-site)two subcategories(departure)of blood donation,using statistical methods to analyze the association between two types of adverse reactions and age,weight,first blood donation and gender.Results Among the 2194 cases of systemic reaction and adverse blood donation reactions,2146 cases occurred in the blood donation site,with an incidence rate of 1.11%(2146/192691);48 cases occurred after leaving the blood donation site,with an incidence rate of 0.02%(48/192691).The difference between the two types of adverse reactions on the spot and leaving the field is statistically significant in the gender distribution(X^(2)=88.79 P<0.01).The probability of adverse blood donation reaction in female blood donors is significantly higher than that of men;the age of adverse reactions on the spot is mainly concentrated in 18-29 years old;The age of blood donors is mainly concentrated in 30-39 years old and 40-49 years old,and the difference in age distribution is statistically significant(X^(2)=81.80 P<0.05);the weight of blood donors with adverse reactions on the spot is mainly concentrated at 55-64kg,followed by 66-74kg;leaving the site with adverse reactions The weight of blood people is mainly concentrated in 75kg and above,and the difference in weight distribution is statistically significant(X^(2)=18.33 P<0.05).Among the five types of reasons for induced adverse reactions of blood donation,psychological factors account for the highest proportion(72.79%).Conclusion The adverse reactions of systemic blood donation were related to gender,age,weight and whether the blood was donated for the first time.Psychological factors(excessive mental stress before blood donation)accounted for the highest proportion.More attention should be paid to female and young blood donors aged 18-29 years,blood donors weighing 55-64kg and over 75kg,and first-time blood donors.Attention should be paid to the notification of precautions before,during and after blood donation,effective communication with blood donors,improvement of puncture techniques,and improvement of donation environment.Stay for 30 minutes after blood donation and follow up after blood donation.
作者
周伟敏
张天弼
霍宝锋
张林英
ZHOU Weimin;ZHANG Tianbi;HUO Baofeng;ZHANG Linying(Shaoguan Central Blood Station,Guangdong Shaoguan,China,512028)
出处
《青岛医药卫生》
2023年第5期328-331,共4页
Qingdao Medical Journal
关键词
全身性反应
献血不良反应
分析
对策
systemic reaction
adverse reaction to blood donation
analysis
countermeasure
