摘要
“国际职场汉语口语能力测试体系”是“中文+职业”热潮下国际中文教育界和产业界携手研发的测试工具,是汉语二语教学中语用为纲教学与测试模式在产业界的落地成果。之所以研发这一测试,是因为职场中的语言能力最终只能在具体的语境中体现,而该测试正是在职场语境中直接评估语言能力。现阶段该测试体系以口语测试中的开放型题目为题库基础,包括试用中的通用题库和建设中的专用题库两部分。该测试体系将职场汉语口语能力分为6级,前3级为职场通用,后3级为职场专用。评核员根据考生口语产出,对其口语能力的评判直接影响该测试的效度和信度,评核员培训的最终目的是把评核标准内化,并根据这些标准对每一位考生的口语水平做出一致和稳定的判断。该体系有语别化测试版本,用考生的母语解释考试要求,要求考生根据测试要求用汉语回答,以此保证测试效度。该测试对语境、功能和内容这3个维度的关注,可以引导中文二语学习者注重语境在人际交流中的关键作用,培养汉语语感,使其汉语口语产出在“结构正确”的基础上,尽快过渡到中文母语者认同的“文化得体”。
The concept of“Chinese+vocational skills”has attracted increasing attention among researchers and practitioners in the field of International Chinese Education.This study focuses on the construction and development of a Chinese Oral Proficiency Assessment System for International Workplace(COPASIW).One key issue that draws our attention is whether Chinese language and vocational skills can be acquired simultaneously,and whether they can supplement each other.COPASIW,which represents joint efforts between the academia and the business sector,attempts to assess the oral proficiency of Chinese as a Second Language(CSL)learners in the work place.The current system has 6 proficiency scales,with the lower three for general purposes,and the higher three for special purposes.Guided by the problems encountered in the process of developing such a tool,the author explains the reasons behind the choices for the tasks used in the system,the creation of simulated contexts for oral communication,the construction of the task bank,the language ability scales and the assessment criteria.Apart from the concerns on context,function and content,key issues in the training of assessors,whose performance directly affects the validity of the testing tool,are also discussed in this paper.It is suggested that such an innovative approach in designing and developing the assessment system,characterized by the focus on three key factors,pragmatic context,linguistic function,and content,will contribute to thefinal goal of“appropriate communication”for CSL learners in the work place.
出处
《语言战略研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第6期22-32,共11页
Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning
关键词
职场汉语测试
语用为纲
语言能力
模拟语境
中文+职业
CSP assessment
Pragmatic Oriented Approach
language ability
simulated context
Chinese plus vocation
