摘要
以广西农垦集团甘蔗生产为例,解决机械化收割问题,打通全程机械化最后一公里。广西蔗区甘蔗机械化收割率很低,占收割总面积不足5%,甘蔗收割主要以人工砍收为主。通过对比全程机械化和人工作业在耕、种、管和收中每个生产环节的差异,分析了甘蔗全程机械化作业和人工作业之间的经济效益差异。结果表明:广西农垦每年新植甘蔗0.53万hm^(2),机械化种植较人工节约240万元;按甘蔗种植总面积1.73万hm^(2)计算,追肥和培土机械化较人工施肥节约1040万元/年、杀虫和除草较人工节约910万元/年;按平均每年甘蔗产量180万t计算,机械化收割较人工砍收节约5400万元。针对蔗农和糖厂对机械化收割的疑惑和难点,提出要加强宣传机械化收割的重要性,让蔗农和糖厂转变观念,接受和使用适合全程机械化作业的种植模式,尤其是机械化收割;建议糖厂改造和提升榨糖工艺,提高对机械化收割甘蔗的除杂、清净技术改造;将一步法工艺改造为二步法,以提高糖厂国际市场竞争力等对策。
This article takes the sugarcane production in Guangxi agricultural reclamation group as an example to analyze the differences in the benefits of mechanized and manual sugarcane operations.The results show that 5300 hectares of sugarcane is newly planted in whole process mechanization every year,it could save 2.4 million yuan/year compared to manual planting.It is calculated based on the total sugarcane planting area of 17300 hectares,mechanization of top dressing and soil cultivation saves 10.4 million yuan/year compared to manual fertilization,and saves 9.1 million yuan/year for insecticidal and weeding.Based on the average annual sugarcane yield of 1.8 million tons,mechanized harvesting saves 54 million yuan/year compared to manual harvesting.In addition,in response to the doubts and difficulties faced by sugarcane farmers and sugar factories regarding mechanized harvesting,the importance of mechanized harvesting should be promoted,so that sugarcane farmers and sugar factories could change their ideas,accept and use the planting mode suitable for the whole mechanized operation,especially mechanized harvesting.In order to improve the competitiveness of sugar factories in the international market,it is suggested to renovate and upgrade the sugar-pressing process,improve the technology of impurity removal and purification for mechanized sugarcane harvesting,and transform the one-step process into the two-step process.
作者
秦初旺
张仲宾
何姗珊
曾媛
经艳
蒋柱辉
梁朝旭
李松
李鸣
QIN Chuwang;ZHANG Zhongbin;HE Shanshan;ZENG Yuan;JING Yan;JIANG Zhuhui;LIANG Zhaoxu;LI Song;LI Ming(Xinxing Company of Guangxi Agricultural Reclamation Group,Liuzhou,Guangxi 545112;Sugarcane Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning,Guangxi 530007;Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning,Guangxi 530007;Guangxi Sugar Industry Group,Nanning,Guangxi 530022)
出处
《甘蔗糖业》
2023年第4期47-52,共6页
Sugarcane and Canesugar
基金
财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业(糖料)产业技术体系(CARS-170107)。
关键词
广西农垦集团
甘蔗生产
全程机械化
机械化收割
Guangxi Agricultural Reclamation Group
Sugarcane production
Whole process mechanization
Mechanized harvesting
