摘要
为研究湖南攸县煤矿区地表水及表层土壤重金属污染现状,利用现场采样及室内分析的方法,测定研究区地表水及土壤中Cd、As、Pb、Cr、Cu、Ni、Zn 7种重金属的含量水平;采用单因子评价法、地累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法对研究区土壤重金属进行评价,识别土壤主要污染因子;并利用聚类分析揭示重金属的可能来源。结果表明,除As外其余6种重金属平均含量均超过湖南省土壤背景值,Cd的平均含量是背景值的5.2倍,在7种重金属中污染最严重。单因子评价结果表明7种重金属元素中,Cd的土壤样品43.75%处于轻微污染,18.75%处于中度污染;Cu大部分样品点无污染,仅12.5%的点位存在轻微污染,其余重金属元素均未污染。7种重金属元素的地累积指数由大到小为:Cd>Cu>Ni>Cr>Pb>Zn>As,其中Cd达到了中度积累的程度;潜在生态危害指数由大到小为Cd>As>Cu>Ni>Pb>Cr>Zn,其中Cd存在极强的生态风险。这3种评价方法都表明Cd是研究区内土壤的主要污染因子;聚类分析技术结合土壤重金属空间分布特征信息显示,土壤中重金属的含量可能主要源于当地煤矿开采产生的煤矸石不当处置、降水入渗以及不合理农业活动。
To study the pollution status of heavy metals in surface water and surface soil of Youxian coal mining area,Hunan Province,the content levels of seven heavy metals,Cd,As,Pb,Cr,Cu,Ni and Zn,in surface water and soil in the study area were determined by field sampling and laboratory analysis.Single factor evaluation method,ground accumulation index method and potential ecological risk index method were used to evaluate the heavy metals in the soil in the study area to identify the main pollution factors.Cluster analysis was used to reveal the possible sources of heavy metals.The results show that,except As,the average contents of the other 6 heavy metals were all higher than the background value of Hunan Province,the average content of Cd was 5.2 times of the background value,the pollution is the most serious among the seven heavy metals.The results of single factor evaluation showed that among the 7 heavy metal elements,43.75%of Cd soil samples were slightly polluted and 18.75%were moderately polluted.Most of the Cu sample points are not polluted,only 12.5%of the points have slight pollution,and the rest of the heavy metal elements are not polluted.The geoaccumulation index of the seven heavy metal elements was as follows:Cd>Cu>Ni>Cr>Pb>Zn>As,among them,Cd reached a moderate accumulation degree.The potential ecological harm index from big to small for Cd>As>Cu>Ni>Pb>Cr>Zn.Among them,Cd has a strong ecological risk.All the three evaluation methods showed that Cd was the main soil pollution factor in the study area.Cluster analysis combined with spatial distribution of heavy metals in soil indicated that the heavy metal content in soil may mainly come from improper disposal of coal gangue produced by local coal mining,precipitation infiltration and unreasonable agricultural activities.
作者
王多兵
张猛
韩冬雅
陈锦
朱鹏鹏
肖立权
WANG Duo-bing;ZHANG Meng;HAN Dong-ya;CHEN Jin;ZHU Peng-peng;XIAO Li-quan(416 Team of Hunan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration And Development,China;Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,China;School of Water Resources and Environment,Hebei University of Geoscience,China;不详)
出处
《应用化工》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第S02期94-100,112,共8页
Applied Chemical Industry
基金
河北省研究生创新资助项目(CXZZSS2020115)
湖南省地质院本级科研项目(201904)。
关键词
湖南煤矿
重金属
污染特征
风险评价
聚类分析
Hunan coal mine
heavy metals
pollution characteristics
risk assessment
clustering analysis
