摘要
近年来随着科技的发展以及人类生活水平的提升,以导电纤维纱线为原料织造而成的现代新型纺织品在抗静电、电磁屏蔽、传感等领域得到了巨大的进展。然而由于传统金属导电纤维手感差及传统碳纤维难以进行色彩再加工等原因,限制了传统导电纤维在现代纺织品尤其是智能纺织品上的发展与应用。结合近年来国内外导电纤维领域的研究成果,从导电纤维的分类、制备方法、应用等几个角度出发,综述了导电纤维在新型纺织品中的应用进展。文章将导电纤维分成无机导电纤维、有机导电纤维和复合导电纤维等三大类,介绍了导电纤维的制备方法,如纺丝法、涂覆导电层法等;然后着重介绍了导电纤维在抗静电、抗电磁辐射和纤维基柔性传感器中的应用;最后,文章总结了导电纤维近年来的发展和应用趋势,并指出其在发展中面临的亟待解决的问题。期望导电纤维不仅在传统的抗静电、抗辐射领域发挥作用,而且能与物理、电子等学科进行交叉,在智能可穿戴电子器件、柔性能源存储及多功能纺织品等领域广泛应用。
With the development of new science and technology,textiles are not limited to the applications of warm-keeping and beauty.Extra functions such as sensing and indicating are the new trend of the 21 st century and the concept of e-textiles and smart textiles emerges as the times require.Thus,conductive fibers have attracted extraordinary attention with the upsurge of interest in flexible and wearable health monitoring systems,energy storage devices and noninvasive human-machine interfaces.In the meantime,conductive fibers also show excellent antistatic and shielding electromagnetic radiation properties,which made conductive fibers the excellent candidate for wearable textile devices and industrial textile products.In the 1960s,people began to develop conductive fibers for antistatic purpose,and different types of conductive fibers were gradually developed.So far,conductive fibers can be divided into three main types.The first type is fibers made by inorganic materials such as metals and carbon,but these fibers exhibit poor wearability and conductive instability.The second type is polymer fibers such as PPy and PANI,which show a good conductivity up to 103 S cm.However,the preparation process of fiber formation is quite complex because of the high toxic monomer,high molecular weight and oxidation.The third type is composite conductive fibers made through coating or blending fabric technology.By blending or coating conductive polymers,metals or other conductive materials(such as MXene and Graphene),the composite fibers can always inherit the benefits from both conventional fibers and conductive materials.Currently,the major researches of conductive fibers are focused on textile technology and materials science.Although there are some review articles on the similar topics,it is necessary to summarize the recent development of conductive fibers in the application of next generation textile products.In this study,we present a review of the classification and preparation techniques of conductive fibers,as well as the application and development of antistatic,electromagnetic shielding and flexible sensors in detail.Future perspective is given in the end,which could shed light in the conductive fiber research and industry,especially in the area of smart wearable devices.
作者
谢金林
张京
郭宇星
赵志慧
邱华
顾鹏
XIE Jinlin;ZHANG Jing;GUO Yuxing;ZHAO Zhihui;QIU Hua;GU Peng(College of Textile Science and Engineering,Jiangnan University,Wuxi 214122,China;Enda Jiangxi Textile Company Limited,Xinyu 336600,China)
出处
《现代纺织技术》
北大核心
2023年第6期241-254,共14页
Advanced Textile Technology
基金
江苏省产学研项目(BY20221191)
江西省揭榜挂帅重大项目(20213AAE02017)。
关键词
导电纤维
柔性纤维
抗静电
电磁屏蔽
智能可穿戴设备
conductive fiber
flexible fiber
antistatic
electromagnetic shielding
smart wearable devices
