摘要
【目的】探究红蕴含笑花香成分组成和含量变化规律,为阔瓣含笑的芳香育种与花香物质开发利用提供理论依据。【方法】采用顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)与气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用法测定了红蕴含笑3个开花时期(花蕾期、初开期、盛开期)3个花器官(花被片、雄蕊、雌蕊)的花香成分,并进行主成分(PCA)和偏最小二乘法(PLS-DA)分析。【结果】从红蕴含笑3个开花时期3个花器官中共鉴定出100种花香成分,共11类化合物,其中萜类物质和烷烃类物质是红蕴含笑主要香气成分,两者之和占比在不同开花时期各花器官中相对含量均达到80%以上,酮类、醛类、醇类、杂环类和烯烃类等物质含量较低。鉴定出100种花香成分根据主要香气成分(相对含量>1%)及各花器官不同时期特有香气成分筛选并列出49种物质,并以此为基础进行PCA和PLS-DA分析,可将3个开花时期红蕴含笑花器官进行分类,并筛选了13种差异性成分(VIP>1),表明3个花器官的香气成分具有差异性显著。红蕴含笑花被片主要香气成分γ-杜松烯和1,2-二甲氧基苯分别带有香草味和甜奶油味,呈木香型和草香型。花蕾期花被片特有成分酯类物质己酸苯乙酯和醚类物质2-异丙基-5-甲基茴香醚,为花被片增添了甜香味和焦木味,呈花香型和草香型。初开期花被片特有成分酮类物质D-香芹酮为花被片增添了刺激香味,呈薄荷型。雄蕊主要香气成分γ-杜松烯和δ-榄香烯分别带有香草味和甜香味,呈木香型和草香型。雄蕊各开花时期特有成分醛类物质苯甲醛和酮类物质3-侧柏酮为雄蕊分别增添了杏仁味和刺激香味,呈果香型和木香型。雌蕊主要香气成分γ-杜松烯、(+)-香橙烯和δ-榄香烯分别带有香草味、木香味和甜香味,呈木香型和草香型。花蕾期雌蕊特有成分醇类物质γ-松油醇为雌蕊增添了松香味和丁香味,呈木香型。【结论】红蕴含笑花器官香气成分组成丰富,主要香气成分是萜类物质和烷烃类物质,主要释香部位是雄蕊,在开花进程中其香气特征因多种香气成分的相对含量和种类不断变化,使各花器官在3个开花时期呈现独特多样的花香。
【Objective】Aromatics in various floral organs of Michelia platypetala Hongyun were analyzed for selective breeding and extended utilization of the fragrant components.【Method】Headspace solid-phase microextraction(HS-SPME)and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)were employed to determine the aromatic components in the tepals,stamens,and pistils of Michelia platypetala Hongyun at flower budding,early blooming,and full blooming stages.And conduct Principal Component Analysis(PCA)and Partial Least Square Discriminant Analysis(PLS-DA).【Result】One hundred volatiles of 11 types were identified.Terpenoids and alkanes were the major ones that constituted over 80%of all.The contents of ketones,aldehydes,alcohols,heterocyclic compounds,and olefins were relatively low.Identify 100 types of floral aroma components,screen and list 49 substances based on the main aroma components(relative content>1%)and unique aroma components of each floral organ at different stages.The subsequently conducted PCA and PLS-DA analyses placed the aromatics in 13 distinct components at VIP>1,indicating significant differences in the aromatic components of the three flower organs.The main aroma components of Michelia platypetala Hongyun perianth slicesγ-cadinene and 1,2-Dimethoxybenzene have vanilla and sweet cream flavors,respectively,presenting a woody and herbaceous aroma.During the bud stage,the unique components of the petals,such as esters such as 2-Phenethyl hexanoate ester and ethers such as 2-Isopropyl-5-methylanisole,add a sweet and burnt wood flavor to the petals,presenting a floral and herbaceous aroma.The ketone substance D-carvone,a unique component of the early blooming petals,adds a stimulating flavor to the perianth slices,presenting a mint aroma.The main aroma components of stamensγ-Junipene andδ-Elemene has a vanilla and sweet flavor,respectively,presenting a woody and herbaceous aroma.The unique components of aldehydes and ketones at each flowering stage of stamens,such as Benzaldehyde and 3-Thujanone,add almond flavor and stimulating flavor to the stamens,presenting a fruity and woody aroma.Main aroma components of pistilγ-Junipene,(+)-Aromandendrene,andδ-Elemene has a vanilla,woody,and sweet flavor,respectively,presenting a woody and herbaceous aroma.Bud stage pistils specific components of alcoholsγ-Terpineol alcohol for pistils added pine flavor and clove flavor,presenting a woody aroma.【Conclusion】The aroma components of the organs of Michelia platypetala Hongyun are rich.The main aroma components are terpenoids and alkanes,and the main aroma releasing site is the stamen during the bud stage.During the flowering process,the aroma characteristics are constantly changing due to the relative content and types of various aroma components,making each flower organ present unique and diverse floral fragrance in three flowering periods.
作者
谭雨晴
胡莹冰
郑超荣
巢瑾
雍玉冰
肖玉洁
张哲
金晓玲
TAN Yuqing;HU Yingbing;ZHENG Chaorong;CHAO Jin;YONG Yubing;XIAO Yujie;ZHANG Zhe;JIN Xiaoling(College of Landscape Architecture,Central South University of Forestry and Technology,Changsha,Hunan 410004,China;School of Civil Engineering,Zhejiang Guangsha Vocational and Technical University of Construction,Dongyang,Zhejiang 322100,China;Hunan Tea Group Corp.,Ltd.,Changsha,Hunan 410126,China)
出处
《福建农业学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第9期1082-1093,共12页
Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家林业公益性行业科研专项(201404710)
湖南省教育厅青年项目(22B0259)。
