摘要
为探明生物炭对河南潮土区土壤氨挥发和小麦氮素吸收的影响,本研究设置不施肥(CK)、氮磷钾化肥(NPK)、生物炭(BC)、化肥配施生物炭(BC+NPK)4个处理,测定小麦季土壤氨挥发速率、籽粒产量和氮素吸收量。结果表明,在小麦基肥期,CK和BC处理氨挥发速率相对稳定,平均速率在0.06 kg·hm^(-2)·d^(-1)左右,且无显著差异。而NPK和BC+NPK处理氨挥发速率在基肥施入后2~3 d达到峰值,分别为0.86和1.25 kg·hm^(-2)·d^(-1),BC+NPK处理较NPK处理显著提高45.35%。在小麦追肥期,NPK和BC+NPK处理土壤氨挥发速率最大值分别为0.96和1.07 kg·hm^(-2)·d^(-1),且均在追肥后第7天达到最大值。与NPK处理相比,BC+NPK处理导致土壤氨挥发累积量增加9.45%,在基肥期和追肥期分别增加了5.47%和13.44%。整个小麦生育期,BC+NPK处理的土壤铵态氮含量平均值为21.61 mg·kg^(-1),较NPK处理显著增加17.29%,氨挥发速率与土壤铵态氮含量呈极显著正相关关系。与不施肥条件相比,施用生物炭使小麦籽粒产量及地上部吸氮量分别提升0.23 t·hm^(-2)和6.12%,差异不显著;化肥配施生物炭使小麦地上部吸氮量提升6.44%,但差异不显著。综上,在河南潮土区,施用生物炭通过提升土壤铵态氮含量进而增加了土壤氨挥发速率及累积量,但对小麦产量及氮素吸收的提升效果不显著。本研究为生物炭在黄淮海平原潮土区的合理利用提供了科学依据。
To study effect of biochar(BC)on NH4+-N volatilization rate(AVR)and N uptake of wheat,the fluvo-aquic soil was treated with four treatments,including no fertilization(CK),nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer(NPK),BC treatment,and NPK combined with BC(BC+NPK).The results showed that the AVR of CK and BC treatments was relatively stable at the base fertilizer stage of wheat;the average AVR was about 0.06 kg·hm^(-2)·d^(-1)with no significant difference among treatments.However,the AVR of NPK and BC+NPK treatments peaked at 2-3 days after applied with the base fertilizer,which was 0.86 and 1.25 kg·hm^(-2)·d^(-1),respectively.The AVR in BC+NPK treatment significantly increased by 45.35%compared with NPK treatment.During the topdressing period of fertilization,the AVR of NPK and BC+NPK treatments peaked at the 7th day of topdressing,with the AVR of 0.96 and 1.07 kg·hm^(-2)·d^(-1),respectively.Moreover,the accumulated AVR in BC+NPK treatment increased by 9.45%from the basal fertilization period(5.47%)to top-dressing period(13.44%)compared with the NPK fertilizer treatment.The average soil ammonium N content in the BC+NPK treatment was 21.61 mg·kg^(-1),which was 17.29%higher than the NPK treatment during the entire growth period of wheat.Moreover,the AVR was significantly and positively correlated with soil NH4+-N contents.Biochar application increased wheat grain yield by 0.23 t·hm^(-2)in soils that received no fertilizer,while aboveground N uptake by 6.12%with no significant difference.However,the application of biochar increased the aboveground N uptake of wheat by 6.44%under the application of chemical fertilizers,with no significant difference among treatments.Above all,the application of biochar increased the soil NH_(4)^(+)-N contents,thereby improved the soil AVR.Finally,the biochar exhibited no significant effect on the yield and N uptake of wheat.This study provides a scientific basis for rational utilization of biochar in the fluvo-aquic soil area of Huang-Huai-Hai plain.
作者
张水清
张博
岳克
林杉
黄绍敏
ZHANG Shuiqing;ZHANG Bo;YUE Ke;LIN Shan;HUANG Shaomin(Institute of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Resources Science,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou,Henan 450002;College of Resources and Environment,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan,Hubei 430070)
出处
《核农学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第11期2258-2267,共10页
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences
基金
2023年河南省农业科学院基础性科研项目(JC012)
河南现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(HARS-22-01-G4)
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1700902)。
关键词
生物炭
氨挥发
氮素吸收
潮土
铵态氮
biochar
ammonia volatilization
nitrogen uptake
fluvo-aquic soil
NH_(4)^(+)-N
