摘要
目的调查分析潜艇官兵航海疲劳状况及影响因素。方法对参加某次航海任务的某部潜艇官兵分别于航行前1 d及航行第15天进行问卷调查,评估潜艇官兵航海疲劳状况及分析相关影响因素。一般情况问卷为自行设计,内容包括年龄、航龄、压力情况、运动情况、靠港期间吸烟情况、饮食情况、每天工作总时长、每天最大连续工作时长及环境中的不利因素数目等;采用疲劳量表-14(FS-14)评价潜艇官兵的航海疲劳情况;采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)量表评价潜艇官兵的航海睡眠质量。结果在航行前1 d,共68名艇员参与问卷调查,回收有效问卷60份,有效回收率为88.2%。在航行第15天,对问卷有效的60人再次发放同一份问卷进行调查。航行前1 d,潜艇官兵的FS-14得分为(5.57±3.01)分,与我国正常人群得分[(5.50±3.09)分]相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。航行第15天时FS-14得分为(6.85±3.83)分,高于我国正常人群得分及航行前1 d得分(均P<0.01)。航行前1 d潜艇官兵的疲劳发生率为36.67%(22/60),航行第15天疲劳发生率为58.33%(35/60),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。单因素分析显示运动、靠港期间吸烟、发酵饮食摄入、碳水化合物摄取、压力、环境中不利因素数目、每天工作总时长、每天最大连续工作时长以及PSQI总分等9个因素与FS-14总得分有关(均P<0.05)。多元logistic回归分析显示,较多的运动、较多的发酵饮食摄入及较短的每天工作总时长为航海疲劳的保护因素(均P<0.05),过大的压力、每天较长的连续工作时长、环境中不利因素多及睡眠质量低为航海疲劳的危险因素(均P<0.05)。结论潜艇某部官兵长航期间疲劳发生率高,靠港期间吸烟多、压力大、每天连续工作时间长、环境中不利因素多、睡眠质量差者疲劳较重,经常运动、摄入较多发酵类食物、摄入较多碳水化合物、每天工作总时长短者疲劳较轻。
Objective To investigate the navigation fatigue among submariners and analyze its influencing factors.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among the submariners on one day before after a maritime mission and the 15th day of the voyage,to evaluate their navigation fatigue and analyze the related influencing factors.The general information questionnaire was designed independently,including age,years of service onboard,stress levels,physical exercise habits,smoking during port stays,dietary habits,total daily working hours,maximum consecutive working hours per day,and the number of adverse factors in the environment.Fatigue scale-14(FS-14)was used to evaluate the navigation fatigue of the submariners.Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI)was used to evaluate the sleep quality of the submariners during navigation.Results One day before the voyage,a total of 68 submariners participated in the questionnaire survey,and 60 valid questionnaires were collected,with an effective response rate of 88.2%.On the 15th day of the voyage,the 60 individuals who had previously provided valid responses were surveyed by the same questionnaire.One day before the voyage,the FS-14 score of the submariners was(5.57±3.01),which was not statistically significantly different from that of the general population in China(5.50±3.09)(P>0.05).The score of FS-14 on the 15th day of voyage was(6.85±3.83),which was higher than both the scores of the general population in China and one day before the voyage(all P<0.01).The incidence of fatigue among submariners was 36.67%(22/60)one day before the voyage and 58.33%(35/60)on the 15th day,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01).Univariate analysis showed that nine factors,i.e.,physical exercise habits,smoking during port stay,fermented diet intake,carbohydrate intake,stress levels,the number of adverse factors in the environment,total daily working hours,maximum consecutive working hours per day,and PSQI total score were associated with FS-14 total score(all P<0.05).Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that more physical exercise,higher intake of fermented diet,and shorter total daily working hours were protective factors against navigation fatigue(all P<0.05),while excessive pressure,longer consecutive working hours per day,a higher number of adverse factors in the environment,and poor sleep quality were the risk factors for navigation fatigue(all P<0.05).Conclusion The incidence of navigation fatigue is high in the submariners during the long voyage.Those who smoke more during port stays,experience higher levels of stress,have longer consecutive working hours per day,are exposed to more adverse factors in the environment,and have poorer sleep quality tend to experience more severe fatigue,while those engage in regular physical exercise,have a higher intake of fermented food and carbohydrates,and have shorter total daily working hours tend to experience milder fatigue.
作者
李栋
尹鹏
梁越
李珍
董文珠
Dong Li;Pen Yin;Yue Liang;Zhen Li;Wenzhu Dong(Department of Gastroenterology,PLA No.971 Hospital,Qingdao 266071,China;Troop 95,PLA Unit No.92330,Qingdao 266100,China)
出处
《中华航海医学与高气压医学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
2023年第5期612-617,共6页
Chinese Journal of Nautical Medicine and Hyperbaric Medicine
基金
海军后勤部自主项目(201903D321017)。
关键词
疲劳
航海
影响因素
潜艇官兵
Fatigue
Navigation
Influencing factor
Submariner
