摘要
独龙族长期生活在与外界相对隔离的环境中,直接依赖于当地的生物资源生存并发展,积累了大量的生物多样性相关传统知识。本研究采用半结构式访谈和参与式观察等民族生物学方法,对独龙族传统生计中相关的传统知识进行调查,并分析这些传统知识形成的原因及蕴含的生态思想。结果表明:独龙族拥有丰富的生物多样性相关传统知识,共涉及399种生物,其中采集生计共涉及209种植物(包括大型真菌),养殖生计涉及179种动植物,材用生计涉及26种植物,渔猎生计涉及34种动植物,农耕生计涉及25种植物,以及薪柴生计涉及31种植物。独龙族的采集、养殖、渔猎、薪柴收集和农耕实践等传统生计方式中蕴含可持续的生态思想,有利于当地生物文化多样性的保护。随着独龙江地区经济的发展和交通的改善,传统生计方式发生了重大变化且面临着严峻的挑战,例如外来文化的输入,传承人的缺失,单一作物的种植及生态政策保护的导向等。独龙族生物多样性相关传统知识也受到威胁,未来亟需加大与传统生计方式相关的传统知识调查、编目及宣传教育工作,开展传统生计相关传统知识的研究,充分挖掘和揭示传统生计方式的科学内涵,加强对传统生计方式相关传统知识的保护、传承及惠益分享,挖掘独龙族传统生计方式中的精华部分,为促进独龙江地区的生物多样性保护、生态文明建设和可持续发展服务。
Aims:In the process of long-term mutual adaptation with their living environment,Dulong people have been relying on biological resources to maintain their survival and life.They have accumulated a lot of traditional knowledge on the use of bio-resources and the protection of the ecological environment.The purpose of this study is to record the traditional knowledge,explore the ecological concepts,analyze the threats,and promote them to provide better services for the protection of biocultural diversity in the Dulongjiang region.Methods:In this study,ethnobiological method including semi-structure interview and participatory observations were used to investigate the traditional knowledge associated with biodiversity in Dulong community,and to analyze the ecological thoughts.Results:The results showed that the Dulong people had rich traditional knowledge,involving a total of 399 species of organisms.Among them,209 plant(and fungi)species were collected for livelihood,179 species for animal husbandry,26 for timber and construction,34 for fishing and hunting,25 for farming,and 31 for firewood.The traditional livelihood methods of the Dulong people,such as collecting,breeding,fishing and hunting,fuelwood collection and farming practices,contain sustainable ecological ideas,which are conducive to the conservation of local biocultural diversity.Recommendations:With the rapid economic development and the improvement of transportation,traditional livelihoods and knowledge in Dulongjiang area are facing different opportunities and challenges.For example,cultural shock,intergenerational discontinuity,the cultivation of a single crop and orientation of ecological policy,etc.It is necessary to conduct a more comprehensive investigation,recording and cataloging of traditional knowledge through ethnobotanical methods,follow by research with modern ethnobotanical methods to provide guidance,using new technology to explain the scientificity of traditional knowledge,strengthen the protection,inheritance and benefit sharing of traditional knowledge,and tap the essence of the traditional livelihood of the Dulong to promote the conservation of biodiversity,sustainable development services,and ecological civilization in the Dulongjiang area.
作者
程卓
林晨
龙春林
Zhuo Cheng;Chen Lin;Chunlin Long(Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas(Minzu University of China),National Ethnic Affairs Commission of China,Beijing 100081;College of Life and Environmental Sciences,Minzu University of China,Beijing 100081;Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine(Minzu University of China),Ministry of Education,Beijing 100081;Institute of National Security Studies,Minzu University of China,Beijing 100081)
出处
《生物多样性》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第9期106-116,共11页
Biodiversity Science
基金
国家自然科学基金(32370407,31761143001,31870316)
中央民族大学自主科研项目(2020MDJC03,2023GJAQ09,2022ZDPY10)
中央民族大学博士研究生自主科研项目(BZKY2022041)
云南高黎贡山国家级自然保护区保山管护局项目(202305AF150121,GBP-2022-01)。
关键词
独龙族
生物文化多样性
传统生计
民族生物学
生态理念
Dulong
biocultural diversity
traditional livelihood
ethnobiology
ecological implication
