摘要
豫西烟区是我国优质烟叶主要产区,近年来干旱时常发生,存在烟叶成熟过晚、品质下降等问题。为此,以保水剂和抗蒸腾剂为材料,研究二者配施对云烟87土壤含水率、大田生育期、烟叶化学成分、碳氮代谢关键酶活性及相关基因相对表达量的影响。结果表明,施加保水剂、抗蒸腾剂能够使云烟87中、上部叶提前采收,二者配施与常规栽培方式相比使云烟87提前了19 d采收;施加保水剂、抗蒸腾剂使烤后上部烟叶总糖、还原糖、钾含量增加,总氮、烟碱、氯含量减少,钾氯比、糖碱比提高,其中保水剂和抗蒸腾剂配施处理烟叶化学成分更协调;施加保水剂、抗蒸腾剂使土壤含水率提高,其中单独施用保水剂比单独施用抗蒸腾剂效果好,二者配施处理最优;施加保水剂、抗蒸腾剂处理相比常规栽培方式,其成熟期烤烟的碳氮代谢关键酶(NR、GS、SPS、SS)活性和相关基因(NtNR、NtGS、NtSPS、NtSS)表达量显著降低。综上表明,在豫西烟区施加保水剂、抗蒸腾剂能够缓解烟株贪青晚熟问题,提高烟叶品质,以保水剂和抗蒸腾剂配施处理效果最佳。
Western Henan is the main production area of high⁃quality tobacco leaf in our country.In recent years,because of perennial drought,the tobacco leaf ripens too late,the quality declines and so on.Therefore,water⁃retaining agent and antitranspirant were used as materials,the effects of combined application of the two on soil moisture content,the growth period of Yunyan 87,chemical composition of tobacco leaf,key enzyme activity and relative expression of related genes of carbon and nitrogen metabolism were studied.The results showed that,the middle and upper leaves could be harvested in advance by applying water⁃retaining agent and antitranspirant,and the growth period in field was 19 days earlier than that of conventional cultivation.The application of water⁃retaining agent and antitranspirant increased the contents of total sugar,reducing sugar and potassium,decreased the contents of total nitrogen,nicotine and chlorine,and increased the ratio of potassium to chlorine and sugar to base in the upper leaves of flue⁃cured tobacco.Among them,the chemical composition of tobacco leaves treated with water⁃retaining agent and antitranspirant was more harmonious.The application of water⁃retaining agent and antitranspirant increased the soil moisture content.The effect of single application of water⁃retaining agent was better than that of single application of antitranspirant,and the combination of them was the best treatment.Compared with conventional cultivation,the activities of key enzymes of carbon and nitrogen metabolism(NR,GS,SPS,SS)and the expression levels of related genes(NtNR,NtGS,NtSPS,NtSS)were significantly decreased under the treatment of water⁃retaining agent and antitranspirant.In conclusion,the application of water⁃retaining agent and antitranspirant can alleviate the problem of late ripening of tobacco plants and improve the quality of tobacco leaves.The combination of water⁃retaining agent and antitranspirant has the best effect.
作者
韩雅婷
郭天骄
贾国涛
赵红朝
黄五星
HAN Yating;GUO Tianjiao;JIA Guotao;ZHAO Hongchao;HUANG Wuxing(Tobacco College,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450046,China;China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Zhengzhou 450000,China;Mianchi County Branch of Sanmenxia Tobacco Company,Mianchi 472400,China)
出处
《河南农业科学》
北大核心
2023年第11期57-65,共9页
Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences
基金
河南中烟科技项目(2021410001300050)
河南省科技攻关项目(202102310026)。
关键词
烤烟
云烟87
保水剂
抗蒸腾剂
旱作
生育期
土壤水分
碳氮代谢
Flue⁃cured tobacco
Yunyan 87
Water⁃retaining agent
Antitranspirant
Dry cultivation
Growth period
Soil moisture
Carbon and nitrogen metabolism
