摘要
目的了解预定新兵心理适应状况及相关因素,为开展役前心理教育训练提供依据。方法2022年3—4月,应用部队新兵适应性问卷、焦虑自评量表(self-rating anxiety scale,SAS)、抑郁自评量表(self-rating depression scale,SDS)、压力知觉量表(chinese perceived stress scale,CPSS)、症状自评量表(symptom check list 90,SCL-90)人际敏感因子,对山东省青岛市1199名预定新兵进行调查,并对数据进行分析。结果预定新兵适应得分[M(P0,P100)]为54(40,130),不同户籍类型、家庭结构、家庭教养方式、役前教育训练模式及人际交往情况的预定新兵心理适应得分比较,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。预定新兵心理适应得分与SAS得分呈正相关(r=0.710,P<0.01),与SDS得分呈正相关(r=0.553,P<0.01),与CPSS得分呈正相关(r=0.520,P<0.01),与SCL-90人际敏感因子得分呈正相关(r=0.562,P<0.01)。SAS、SDS、CPSS、SCL-90人际敏感因子、户籍类型、役前教育训练管理方式、人际交往情况是预定新兵心理适应的影响因素(β=0.109、0.072、0.465、0.173、-0.040、0.123、0.078,均P<0.05),解释率为58%。结论应重点关注城镇籍、人际交往情况欠佳的预定新兵,在役前教育训练阶段采取民主型的教育管理方式;着重从情绪适应、人际适应、压力适应3个方面实施心理干预,以提升预定新兵的心理适应水平。
Objective To investigate the level of psychological adaptation and its influencing factors in preselected recruits,so as to provide evidence for psychological intervention in pre-service training.Methods Totally 1199 preselected recruits in Qingdao City of Shandong Province were surveyed from March to April 2022 with the army recruit adaptability questionnaire,self-rating anxiety scale(SAS),self-rating depression scale(SDS),Chinese perceived stress scale(CPSS),interpersonal sensitive factor in symptom check list 90(SCL-90),and the data were analyzed.Results The adaptation score[M(P0,P100)]of preselected recruits was 54(40,130).There were statistically significant differences in the scores of psychological adaptation among the preselected recruits with different household type,family structure,parenting style,pre-service training modes and interpersonal communication(all P<0.05).The psychological adaptation score in preselected recruits was positively correlated with SAS score(r=0.710,P<0.01),positively correlated with SDS score(r=0.553,P<0.01),positively correlated with CPSS score(r=0.520,P<0.01),and positively correlated with interpersonal sensitive factor of SCL-90(r=0.562,P<0.01).The SAS,SDS,CPSS,SCL-90 interpersonal sensitive factors,household type,pre-service training mode,interpersonal communication were the influencing factors of psychological adaptation of preselected recruits(β=0.109,0.072,0.465,0.173,-0.040,0.123,0.078,all P<0.05),with a percentage of explained variance 58%.Conclusion The recruits from urban areas with poor interpersonal communication should be paid more attention to and democratic management is more favorable when conducting a pre-service training.The psychological intervention should be carried out from three aspects of emotional adaptation,interpersonal adaptation and stress adaptation to improve the level of psychological adaptation of preselected recruits.
作者
查培涛
唐映丹
贺英
郑芳芳
张颖
杨国愉
ZHA Peitao;TANG Yingdan;HE Ying;ZHENG Fangfang;ZHANG Ying;YANG Guoyu(Department of Military Developmental Psychology,Faculty of Medical Psychology,Army Medical University,Chongqing,400038,China;Political Work Department,People's Armed Forces Department in Chengyang District of Qingdao City in Shandong Province,Qingdao Shandong,266100,China;Department of Obstetrics,Gynecology and Pediatrics,No.32268 Troop,DaliYunnan,671000,China;Department of Medical Psychology,Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University,Chongqing,400038,China)
出处
《职业与健康》
CAS
2023年第19期2603-2606,共4页
Occupation and Health
基金
全军后勤科研重大项目(AWS17J014)。
关键词
预定新兵
心理适应
影响因素
Preselected recruits
Psychological adaptation
Influencing factors
