摘要
土壤固定态铵作为重要的氮素形态,在土壤保氮和供氮方面发挥着关键作用。为了探究化肥长期施用条件下,不同施氮量对土壤固定态铵含量和最大固铵能力的影响,依托中国科学院海伦市前进乡胜利村20年化肥不同施氮量试验,以不施肥作为对照处理(N0P0K0),设置了100 kg(N)·hm^(-2)(N1)、160 kg(N)·hm^(-2)(N2)、220 kg(N)·hm^(-2)(N3)和280 kg(N)·hm^(-2)(N4)4个施氮量处理,系统研究了化肥施用20年后,不同施氮量对秋季土壤固定态铵含量的影响;同时对田间土壤样品进行3天室内培养试验,定量分析了不同施肥处理土壤的最大固铵能力。结果表明,化肥施用20年后,不同施氮量对土壤固定态铵含量、最大固铵能力和固铵容量的影响均不显著,但不同土层间秋季土壤的固定态铵含量、最大固铵能力和固铵容量明显不同。0~20 cm土层秋季土壤固定态铵含量显著高于20~100 cm各土层固定态铵含量,不同处理土壤的最大固定态铵含量和固铵容量均随着土层深度的加深而显著增加;秋季土壤固定态铵占全氮的比例变化在11.8%~23.2%之间,土壤固铵容量占全氮的比例变化在24.5%~74.5%之间,说明东北黑土农田土壤具有较高的固定态铵含量和固铵容量,土壤固定态铵作为重要的“潜在有效氮素过渡库”,其在黑土农田土壤保氮和供氮中的作用不容忽视。
Soil fixed ammonium,as an important nitrogen(N)form,plays the key role in regulating soil N retention and supply.To understand the effects of long-term N fertilizations on soil fixed ammonium content and maximum ammonium fixation capacity,we conducted a 20-year field experiment including 4 N fertilizations of 100 kg(N)·hm^(−2)(N1),160 kg(N)·hm^(−2)(N2),220 kg(N)·hm^(−2)(N3)and 280 kg(N)·hm^(−2)(N4),with no fertilization as the control(N0P0K0)in Shengli Village,Qianjin Township,Hailun City of China.Simultaneously,we conducted a 3-day indoor incubation experiment based on field soil samples and quantitatively analyzed the maximum ammonium fixation capacity of soil under different N fertilizations.The results showed that after 20 years of fertiliza-tions,the soil fixed ammonium content,maximum ammonium fixation capacity and ammonium fixation capacity did not changed significantly among treatments,but varied significantly among different soil layers.The content of fixed ammonium in the autumn soil was significantly higher in the 0 - 20 cm soil layer than that in various soil layers of 20 - 100 cm. The maximum fixed ammonium content and ammonium fixation capacity of different soil treatments increased significantly with the soil depth. The proportion of soil fixed ammonium to total N varied between 11.8% and 23.2% in autumn, and the proportion of soil ammonium fixation capacity to total N varied between 24.5% and 74.5%, indicating that black soil in Northeast China is with a high fixed ammonium content and capacity for ammonium fixation. The important role of soil fixed ammonium in N retention and supply should be attended as "potential effective N transition pool" in black soil.
作者
牛明芬
黄彬
苗贺
陈欣
鲁彩艳
朱向明
NIU Mingfen;HUANG Bin;MIAO He;CHEN Xin;LU Caiyan;ZHU Xiangming(College of Municipal and Environmental Engineering,Shenyang Jianzhu University,Shenyang 110168,China;Institute of Applied Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang 110016,China;Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Harbin 150081,China)
出处
《土壤与作物》
2023年第4期385-392,共8页
Soils and Crops
基金
黑土地保护与利用科技创新工程专项(XDA28090400)
中国博士后科学基金(2022M713295)
沈阳市科技计划项目(22-317-2-01)资助。
关键词
黑土
固定态铵
最大固铵能力
长期施用化肥
black soil
fixed ammonium
maximum ammonium fixation capacity
long-term chemical fertilization
