摘要
2021年《人民法院在线诉讼规则》首次以司法解释的形式明确了以远程方式审理刑事案件的基本方式。远程刑事审判与传统审判既有共性,又在审判理念、诉讼规则等方面存在显著差异。作为以效率为价值导向的审理方式,远程刑事审判呈现出限制权利的审判、介于书面审理与言词审理之间的审判形式等特点。由于存在这些内在局限,因此实践中大规模应用欠缺正当性。作为与数字时代相适应的审判形态,远程刑事审判为数字时代审判方式的革命性重构,其在整个刑事审判体系中具有独特的功能定位,并非传统线下审判方式的远程化或自动升级。因此,传统的审判理念与原则在远程审判中作用空间有限,理论上用传统审判应遵循的理念、原则来质疑远程审判的正当性并不恰当。基于远程刑事审判的独特性与不可替代性,未来首先应当赋予远程刑事审判在整个审判体系中的独立地位,以此为基础进行理论重塑,从而实现技术与规则的协调发展。
In 2021,the Online Procedure Rules of the People’s court first clarified the basic way of hearing criminal cases by remote means in the form of judicial interpretation.It has similarities with traditional trial,but also has important differences in trial concepts and procedural rules.Remote criminal trial is a value-oriented trial mode based on efficiency,showing the characteristics of limited rights trial and trial form between written trial and verbal trial.Remote criminal trial has inherent limitations,and its large-scale application in practice lacks legitimacy.As a trial form adapted to the digital age,remote criminal trial is a revolutionary reconstruction of the trial method in the digital age,and it has a unique functional positioning in the entire criminal trial system,and is not a remote or automatic upgrade of the traditional offline trial method.The traditional trial concepts and principles have limited space in the remote trials.It is not appropriate to question the legitimacy of the remote trial in theory with the concepts and principles that the traditional trial should follow.Based on the independence and irreplaceable nature of remote criminal trial,in the future,remote criminal trials should first be given an independent status in the entire trial system,and on this basis,theoretical reshaping should be carried out,so as to achieve the coordinated development of technology and rules.
出处
《北方法学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第6期123-134,共12页
Northern Legal Science
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目“科学证据错误的生成与防范机制研究”(19BFX112)
教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目“刑事错案中的科学证据研究”(18YZC820066)的阶段性成果。
关键词
远程刑事审判
限权式审判
在线诉讼
审判理念
remote criminal trial
limited power trial
online litigation
trial cencepts
