摘要
合理的教育选择是技能型社会建设的逻辑起点。然而,受复杂因素的影响,多数民众存在趋向普通教育、避开职业教育,即“趋普避职”的教育选择行为倾向。借助马凌诺斯基文化理论,可以使复杂影响因素在文化视角下得到系统研究。首先,“趋普避职”教育选择文化已经生成,具体表现在物质、精神、语言和制度四个方面,其生成根源于具体生活需要,包括基本的生物需要、衍生的社会需要和整合的精神需要。其次,建国以来我国教育选择文化在持续流变,于世纪之交变化为最,当下及未来教育选择文化为“因材选教”。目前不少民众的教育选择行为存在“趋普避职”的路径依赖,究其原因主要有二:一是“新文化”缺位;二是“旧文化”有效。最后,文化向行为转化的根源是“历史的惯性”,动力是“文化的迫力”。此外,“遵照文化行事”至少能保证生活需要在已有条件下得到最大满足,这也是促进文化向行为转化的重要原因。因此,为确保技能型社会建设顺利开展,须形成与真实生活需要相匹配的教育选择文化。通过分析,发现当下及未来的真实生活需要是为禀赋特长配置最佳教育轨道,为此,应从社会合力、教师作用、媒体行为以及顶层设计四方面着手,推动形成满足此真实生活需要的“普职平等”教育选择文化。
Reasonable education choice is the logical starting point of the construction of skill-based society.However,due to the influence of complex factors,most people tend to choose general education and avoid vocational education.With the help of Malinowski's cultural theory,the complex influencing factors are systematically studied from the perspective of culture.Firstly,the education choice culture of"tending to general education and avoiding vocational education"has been generated and embodied in four aspects:material,spiritual,language and system.Its generation is rooted in specific life needs,including basic biological needs,derived social needs and integrated spiritual needs.Secondly,since the founding of the People's Republic of China,China's education choice culture has been continuously changing.At the turn of the century,the change is the most.At present and in the future,the education choice culture is"choosing the education track according to talent".At present,many people's education choice behavior has the path dependence of"tending to general education and avoiding vocational education".There are two main reasons,one is the absence of"new culture";second,"old culture"is effective.Finally,the root of the transformation from culture to behavior is"historical inertia",the driving force is"cultural force".In addition,"acting in accordance with culture"can at least ensure that life needs are met to the greatest extent under existing conditions,which is also an important reason for promoting the transformation of culture into behavior.Therefore,in order to ensure the smooth development of the construction of skill-based society,it is necessary to form a culture of educational choice that matches the needs of real life.Through analysis,it is found that the real life need is to configure the best education track for different human endowments and specialties.We should start from the four aspects of social synergy,teacher role,media behavior and top-level design to promote the formation of an education choice culture of"equality between general education and vocational education"to meet the real life needs.
作者
陈礼业
徐国庆
CHEN Liye;XU Guoqing(Institute of Vocational and Adult Education,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062)
出处
《教育发展研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第21期58-66,共9页
Research in Educational Development
基金
国家社会科学基金教育学重大课题“技能型社会测度模型、驱动因素及路径优化研究”(VJA220006)的部分成果。
关键词
趋普避职
教育选择文化
马凌诺斯基
文化理论
tending to general education and avoiding vocational education
education choice culture
Malinowski
cultural theory
