摘要
目的 分析2019—2021年六安市中小微型企业接尘劳动者尘肺病主动监测结果,评估劳动者职业健康状况。方法2019—2021年六安市连续对辖区内粉尘危害企业集中的县区开展了尘肺病主动监测,对接尘劳动者开展免费职业健康检查,主要内容为胸片和肺功能检查。结果 2019—2021年共监测48家企业的944人接尘劳动者,目前未见异常811人(85.91%)、复查40人(4.24%)、其他疾病或异常93人(9.85%),未检出职业禁忌证和疑似职业病。监测的944人接尘劳动者中,外地人员377人(39.94%),男性805人(85.28%),平均年龄为(41.62±11.62)岁,平均接尘工龄为(4.72±5.85)年,接触矽尘的劳动者最多,为686人(72.67%)。监测的48家企业中,微型企业31家(64.58%)、私营企业35家(72.92%)、铁矿采选、水泥及水泥制品制造各14家(29.17%);不同企业规模、经济类型、行业分类间其他疾病或异常检出率比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=22.486,17.269,42.744,均P<0.01)。胸片异常44人,检出率为4.66%,不同接尘工龄的接尘劳动者胸片异常检出率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=35.045,P<0.01),且随着接尘工龄的增加,胸片异常检出率呈逐渐增高的趋势(χ^(2)=27.724,P<0.01)。肺功能异常10人,检出率为1.06%,不同年龄和接尘工龄的接尘劳动者肺功能异常检出率差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=16.381,10.767,均P<0.05),随着年龄和接尘工龄的增加,肺功能指标异常检出率均呈逐渐增高的趋势(χ^(2)=13.438,4.490,均P<0.05)。结论 2019—2021年六安市中小微型企业存在粉尘危害的企业以私营企业为主,接触矽尘的劳动者最多,不同性别、年龄、接尘种类、接尘工龄的劳动者的胸片专项检查和(或)肺功能专项检查结果存在差异。
Objective To analyze the active monitoring results of pneumoconiosis among workers exposed to dust in small and medium and micro enterprises in Lu'an City,evaluate the occupational health status of workers. Methods From 2019 to 2021,Lu'an City continuously carried out active monitoring of pneumoconiosis in counties and districts where dust hazard enterprises are concentrated,and carried out free occupational health examinations for dust-exposed workers,mainly including chest films and lung function examinations. Results From 2019 to 2021,a total of 944 workers exposed to dust in 48 enterprises were monitored.At present,811 workers(85.91%) were normal,40 workers(4.24%) were reexamined,93 workers(9.85%) had other diseases or abnormalities,and no occupational contraindications or suspected occupational diseases detected. Among the 944 workers exposed to dust,377(39.94%) were from other places,and 805(85.28%) were male. The average age was(41.62±11.62)years old,and the average length of service was(4.72±5.85)years. The workers exposed to silica dust were the most,which were 686(72.67%).Among the 48 enterprises monitored,there were 31 micro enterprises(64.58%),35 private enterprises(72.92%),14 iron ore mining enterprises(29.17%),14 cement and cement products manufacturing enterprises(29.17%). There were statistically significant differences in the detection rates of other diseases or abnormalities among different enterprise sizes,economic types,and industry classifications(χ^(2)=22.486,17.269,42.744,all P<0.01). There were 44 patients with abnormal chest radiographs,and the detection rate was 4.66%. There was a statistically significant difference in the detection rate of abnormal chest radiographs among workers with different dust exposure years(χ^(2)=35.045,P<0.01),and with the increase of dust exposure years,the detection rate of abnormal chest radiographs showed a gradually increasing trend (χ^(2)=27.724,P<0.01). There were 10 patients with abnormal lung function,and the detection rate was 1.06%. There were statistically significant differences in the detection rate of abnormal lung function among the workers with different age and dust exposure years (χ^(2)=16.381,10.767,both P<0.05). With the increase of age and dust exposure years,the detection rate of abnormal lung function indicators gradually increases (χ^(2)=13.438,4.490,both P <0.05 ).Conclusion From 2019 to 2021,the enterprises with dust hazards in small and medium-sized micro enterprises in Lu'an are mainly private enterprises,and the workers exposed to silica dust are the most,and there are differences in the results of special chest X-ray examination and/or special lung function examination of workers with different gender,age,type of dust exposure and length of service.
作者
刘磊
吴晓林
王颖芳
陈磊
鲁航
李鹏飞
LIU Lei;WU Xiaolin;WANG Yingfang;CHEN Lei;LU Hang;LI Pengfei(Department of Occupational Disease Prevention and Control,Lu'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Lu'an Anhui,237005,China;Information Department,Huoqiu County Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Luan Anhui,237400,China;Department of Occupational Diseases,Second People's Hospital of Huoqiu County,Lu'an Anhui,237400,China;School of Public Health,Wannan Medical College,Wuhu Anhui,241002,China)
出处
《职业与健康》
CAS
2023年第20期2861-2866,共6页
Occupation and Health
关键词
尘肺病
主动监测
粉尘
肺功能
X射线
胸片
数字化摄影
Pneumoconiosis
Active surveillance
Dust
Lung function
X-ray
Chest radiography
Digital photography
