摘要
为探究局地尺度下近岸岛礁海域之多变水体环境、极高空间异质性对生物群落的影响,于2020—2021年4个季度在大陈岛礁海域底拖网采样,利用等级聚类(cluster)、非度量多维标度(NMDS)等多元统计方法分析甲壳类群落结构的时空格局,并整合温度、盐度、深度等环境因子进行冗余分析(RDA)以解析影响因素,同时利用丰度生物量曲线(ABC)及W统计量评估群落稳态。结果显示:全年共采集甲壳类53种,隶属2目13科29属,虾类占总种类数的56.60%,种类数秋季(43种)>冬季(41种)>春季(31种)>夏季(26种)。优势种的季节更替明显,夏秋季以哈氏仿对虾(Parapenaeopsis hardwickii)、中华管鞭虾(Solenocera crassicornis)和三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)为代表的中大型经济种为主,冬春季则以双斑蟳(Charybdis bimaculata)和细巧仿对虾(Parapenaeopsis tenella)为代表的小个体饵料种为主,口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratotria)在各个季节皆为优势种。甲壳类资源密度季节间变化明显,空间分布不均,呈现秋季最高,春季最低,夏秋两季极显著高于冬春季(P<0.001),且近岩礁区资源密度最大,河口侧浅水区最小的特点。受洄游物种的季节性迁移和选择性分布,以及岛礁系统内水文环境的区域分化等因素影响,甲壳类群落结构具有显著的季节和空间差异,形成夏秋季异质性高,冬春季相似性大,河口侧浅水区与外侧深水区分化程度突出的格局。底层水温、底层盐度、底层溶氧和水深等环境因子与群落异质性存在显著关系。ABC曲线表明甲壳类群落状态稳定,具有较强的抗干扰能力。研究表明,大陈岛礁海域优势甲壳类季节变动强烈,且在局地尺度上一定程度表现出区域化的群落结构,但皆保持着较高的资源水平,对当地渔业资源的维系发挥着积极作用,也为当地海洋牧场的功能设计提供了资源基础。
We analyzed the spatial and temporal patterns of crustacean communities based on bottom trawl samples of four seasons from 2020 to 2021 in order to investigate the effects of changeable marine environment and high spatial heterogeneity on biological communities in the coastal islands at the local scale.Multivariate statistical methods were employed including hierarchical clustering and non-metric multidimensional scaling(NMDS).Environmental factors such as temperature,salinity,and depth were investigated simultaneously to resolve the influencing factors using redundancy analysis(RDA),while community stability was assessed using abundance biomass curves(ABC)and W-statistics.A total of 53 species of crustacean were collected,belonging to 29 genera,13 families,and 2 orders,with shrimps accounting for 56.06%of the total species number.There were 43 species found in the autumn,followed by 41 species in the winter,31 species in the spring,and 26 species in the summer.The seasonal changes of the dominant species were obvious.In summer and autumn,the dominant species were medium-and large-sized economic species,such as Parapenaeopsis hardwickii,Solenocera crassicornis,and Portunus trituberculatus,whereas small individual bait species like Charybdis bimaculata and Parapenaeopsis tenella dominated in the winter and spring.Oratosquilla oratotria was revealed as the only dominant species in common in the four seasons.The density of crustacean resources fluctuated dramatically throughout the year,with an uneven spatial distribution,peaking in autumn and declining in spring,and the highly significant higher in summer and autumn than in winter and spring(P<0.001),with the highest resource density in the near rocky reef area and the smallest in the shallow water area on the estuary side.Affected by the migration and selective distribution of seasonal migratory species,as well as the regional differentiation of the hydrological environment in the reef system,the crustacean community structure had significantly seasonal changes and regional differences,forming a pattern of high heterogeneity in summer and autumn,high similarity in winter and spring,and outstanding differentiation between shallow and deep water areas on the estuary side and the outer side.Environmental factors such as bottom water temperature,bottom salinity,bottom dissolved oxygen,and water depth were significantly correlated to community structure heterogeneity.The ABC curve showed that the crustacean community was stable and had a strong tolerance to disturbance.This study demonstrated that the dominant crustacean resources in the sea area around Dachen Island had a clear seasonal cycle,and varied in community structure in different regions on the local scale,but they all maintained high levels of resources,which played a positive role in the maintenance of local fishery resources and provided a resource basis for the functional design of local marine ranching.
作者
陈怡卉
汪振华
章守宇
程晓鹏
邹沁东
林沅
CHEN Yihui;WANG Zhenhua;ZHANG Shouyu;CHENG Xiaopeng;ZOU Qindong;LIN Yuan(College of Marine Ecology and Environment,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Engineering Research Center of Marine Ranching,Shanghai Oean Uniersiy,Shanghai 201306,China)
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第23期9577-9596,共20页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD0901303)。
关键词
大陈岛
甲壳类
群落结构
时空格局
丰度生物量曲线
环境因子
Dachen Islands
crustaceans
community structure
spatio-temporal pattern
abundance biomass curve
environmental factors
