摘要
近年来,平欧杂种榛的栽培发展迅速,但榛树园地的粗放管理和极端天气导致的树体不同程度冻害等问题突显,致使平欧杂种榛产量下降,对榛农收益产生较大影响。因此,本研究划分了榛树冻害类型以及确定冻害品种,采用不同的修剪和施肥方法,同时配套园地管理措施,形成了一套比较系统的平欧杂种榛冻害管理及预防技术。将榛树冻害划分为三种类型:轻度冻害、中度冻害和重度冻害,相应品种也可划分为达维(轻度冻害)、玉坠和平欧21号(中度冻害)、辽榛3号和辽榛7号(重度冻害)。三种冻害类型分别采用修剪一年生枝条为主、培养单干开心形为主、培养丛壮树形为主的修剪方式,冻害程度较高的非抗寒品种可采取重新栽植或嫁接改优的方式直接更新,抗寒品种可采用不同冻害类型的修剪方式。冻害园地要做到精准施肥和按需补水,依冻害程度施用不同量的复合肥和农家肥,适当增施叶面肥,同时配合除草除萌、病虫害防治、冻害预防等管理措施,达到增强树势、提高产量的目的。采用上述技术可为冻害榛园管理过程中存在的问题提供借鉴和指导,以期为广大榛农在榛园管理过程中减少损失,增加经济效益。
In recent years,Corylus heterophylla×Corylus avellana has been developing rapidly.The sloppy management of hazelnut gardens and the problems of different degrees of freezing damage to trees caused by extreme weather have been highlighted,resulting in the decline of the yield of Corylus heterophylla×Corylus avellana,which has had a greater impact on the income of hazelnut farmers.Therefore,through the classification of hazelnut frost damage types and the determination of the corresponding frost damage varieties,this study adopts different pruning and fertilisation methods,and at the same time supports the garden management measures,forming a set of relatively systematic frost damage management and prevention techniques for Corylus heterophylla×Corylus avellana.Classify hazelnut tree freezing damage into three types:mild frost damage,moderate frost damage and severe frost damage.The corresponding varieties can also be classified as‘Dawei’(light frost damage),‘Yuzhui’and‘Ping’ou 21’(moderate frost damage),‘Liaozhen No.3’and‘Liaozhen No.7’(heavy frost damage).The three types of frost damage were pruned by pruning annual branches,cultivating a single-trunk happy shape,and cultivating a clustered tree shape,respectively.Frost damage to a high degree of non-cold-resistant varieties can be taken to replant or grafting to change the way of direct renewal of the best,cold-resistant varieties can be used in different types of frost damage pruning,frost-hit gardens to do precise fertilization and water replenishment according to need,according to the degree of frost damage to apply varying amounts of composite fertilizers and fertilizers,the appropriate increase in foliar fertilizers,while combining with the removal of grasses and sprouts,pest control,frost prevention and other management measures,to achieve the enhancement of the tree strength,improve the yield of the purpose.The adoption of the above technology can provide reference and guidance for the problems existing in the management process of frost-damaged hazelnut orchards,with a view to reducing losses and increasing economic benefits for the majority of hazelnut farmers in the process of hazelnut orchard management.
作者
王克瀚
张雪梅
杨伟聪
张悦
王丽伟
WANG Kehan;ZHANG Xuemei;YANG Weicong;ZHANG Yue;WANG Liwei(Liaoning Institute of Economic Forestry,Dalian 116031,Liaoning)
出处
《温带林业研究》
2023年第4期70-72,共3页
Journal of Temperate Forestry Research
基金
辽宁省自然科学基金计划项目(2022-MS-065)
辽宁省农业科学院科技支撑服务产业提升项目(2023-XCZX-A2-089)
中央财政林业科技推广示范资金项目“平欧杂种榛低产园嫁接改造技术示范推广”(辽[2023]TG11号)。
关键词
平欧杂种榛
冻害
管理
预防
Corylus heterophylla×Corylus avellana
cold damage
manage
prevent
