摘要
【目的】探究遮荫栽培条件下茄衣烟田微气候特征对烟株生长发育和发酵后烟叶质量的影响,以期为国产茄衣遮荫栽培提供理论依据。【方法】以雪茄烟品种云雪1号为试验材料,设透光率100%(CK)、75%(T1)和65%(T2)3个处理,分析不同处理下的烟田微气候特征及其对烟株农艺性状、生物量积累与分配及发酵后烟叶主要品质特征的影响。【结果】遮荫处理能降低烟田的气温、光照强度、昼夜温差及≥10℃有效积温,提高相对湿度。遮荫对烟株株高、茎围、最大叶面积、生物量积累等生长发育指标均有显著影响(P<0.05,下同)。其中,株高、最大叶面积、叶生物量均以T2处理最高,且在遮荫后40 d时增幅最大,而茎围则以CK最大。T2处理烟叶的叶片结构、油分、颜色均匀度、支脉粗细等外观质量指标得分最高,其拉力强度也显著高于其他处理。遮荫处理茄衣产量和茄衣产出率均显著高于CK,与CK相比,T1和T2处理茄衣产量分别显著增加5.87%和13.78%,茄衣产出率分别显著增加8.56%和18.56%。相关分析结果表明,遮荫条件下温度(积温、≥10℃有效积温和平均气温)的降低是烟株叶厚、茎围和根茎生物量积累减少的主要原因;平均光照强度降低和平均相对湿度增加是提升烟叶外观质量和物理特性的关键因素。【结论】遮荫能降低茄衣烟田的环境温度和光照强度,提高相对湿度,使烟株的形态发育和物质积累产生改变,从而提高茄衣产量和茄衣产出率,也使发酵后烟叶的外观和物理指标更符合工业使用。综合来看,在豫西南遮荫种植茄衣时以65%透光率较适宜。
【Objective】This paper explored the effects of microclimate characteristics of wrapper tobacco fields on the growth and development of tobacco plants and the quality of fermented wrapper tobacco leaf under shading cultivation conditions,in order to provide theoretical basis for domestic shading cultivation of wrapper tobacco leaf.【Method】Using the cigar variety Yunxue-1 as the experimental material,three treatments with 100%(CK),75%(T1),and 65%(T2)light transmittance were set up to analyze the microclimate characteristics of tobacco fields under different treatments and their effects on plant agronomic traits,biomass accumulation and distribution,and main quality characteristics of fermented tobacco leaves.【Result】Shading treatment could reduce the temperature,light intensity,diurnal temperature difference,and effective accumulated temperature≥10℃in tobacco fields,and increase relative humidity.Shading had significant impact on growth and development indicators such as tobacco plant height,stem circumference,maximum leaf area and biomass accumulation(P<0.05,the same below).Among them,tobacco under T2 treatment had the highest plant height,biggest maximum leaf area,and largest leaf biomass,with the highest increase at 40 d after shading,while tobacco under CK treatment had the longest stem circumference.Tobacco leaf under T2 treatment had the highest scores for appearance quality indicators such as leaf structure,oil content,color uniformity and branch thickness,and its tensile strength was also significantly higher than other treatment groups.The yield and yield rate of wrapper tobacco leaf under shading treatment were significantly higher than those under CK.Compared with CK,the yield of wrapper tobacco leaf under T1 and T2 treatments increased significantly by 5.87%and 13.78%respectively,and the yield rate of wrapper tobacco leaf increased significantly by 8.56%and 18.56%respectively.The correlation analysis results indicated that the decrease in temperature(accumulated temperature,effective accumulated temperature≥10℃and average temperature)under shading conditions was the main reason for the decreases in leaf thickness,stem circumference,and rhizome biomass accumulation of tobacco plants.The decrease in average light intensity and increase in average relative humidity under shading conditions were key factors in improving the appearance quality and physical properties of wrapper tobacco leaf.【Conclusion】Shading can reduce the environmental temperature and light intensity of wrapper tobacco leaf fields,increase relative humidity,and alter the morphological development and mass accumulation of tobacco plants,thereby increasing the yield and the yield rate of wrapper tobacco leaf.It also makes the appearance and physical indicators of fermented tobacco leaves more suitable for industrial use.Overall,65%light transmittance is more suitable for shading cultivation of wrapper tobacco leaf in southwestern Henan.
作者
王硕立
薛子钟
丁松爽
侯冰清
赵曦
刘冰洋
时雅琪
时向东
WANG Shuo-li;XUE Zi-zhong;DING Song-shuang;HOU Bing-qing;ZHAO Xi;LIU Bing-yang;SHI Ya-qi;SHI Xiang-dong(College of Tobacco Science,Henan Agricultural University/National Tobacco Cultivation and Physiology and Biochemistry Research Center/Key Laboratory for Tobacco Cultivation of Tobacco Industry,Zhengzhou,Henan 450046,China;Sheqi County Branch,Nanyang Tobacco Company,Nanyang,Henan 473399,China;China Tobacco Shandong Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Jinan,Shandong 250100,China;Xixia County Branch,Nanyang Tobacco Company,Nanyang,Henan 474599,China;Cigar Research Institute,China Tobacco Anhui Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Hefei,Anhui 230088,China)
出处
《南方农业学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第8期2218-2227,共10页
Journal of Southern Agriculture
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(32101851)
山东中烟工业有限责任公司科技计划项目(2022370000340544)
南阳市烟草公司科技计划项目(NYYCKJ202201)。
关键词
遮荫栽培
田间微气候
茄衣烟叶
生长发育
烟叶质量
相关分析
shading cultivation
field microclimate
wrapper tobacco leaf
growth and development
tobacco leaf quality
correlation analysis
