摘要
堆肥是处理畜禽粪污、农作物秸秆等农业废弃物的传统技术之一,但目前关于堆肥参数之间的关系尚缺乏系统研究。因此,以牛粪为主要堆肥物料,研究了含水率(WC)、碳氮比(C/N)以及农作物秸秆种类对堆肥过程中的堆肥物理化学性质的影响,并对各参数之间的内在关系进行了系统研究。结果表明,N25处理(堆肥物料为牛粪和玉米秸秆,碳氮比为25∶1,含水率为65%)在堆肥初期的有机物降解速率高。N30处理(堆肥物料为牛粪和玉米秸秆,碳氮比为30∶1,含水率为65%)在堆肥初期升温速度快,初期之后更容易保持高温。有机物降解速率(R)与堆肥时间(t)和可挥发有机物(VS)在α=0.01水平上显著相关,与堆肥含水率(WC)、堆体温度(T)、电导率(EC)和有机物降解速率(R_(d))在α=0.05水平上显著相关。有机物降解速率与其他参数之间符合公式R=0.53331 t-0.13308WC-1.76322VS-16.59139pH-0.00803EC+5.40973 R_(d)+0.5331T+313.0084。该研究可为寒区畜禽粪污堆肥进程的判定提供一定的参考。
Composting is often used to deal with agricultural wastes such as crop straws and animal manure.Moreover,the changes of physi-chemical properties and relationships between compost parameters during composting process still need further study.Hence,the effect of C/N,water content,crop wastes on the compost parameters were studied using cow manure with rice straw and corn stalk as composting substrates.The N25(cow manure and corn stalk as composting substrate with 25∶1 of C/N and 65%of water content)showed the highest rate of organic matter degradation than the others in the early stages of composting.The N30(cow manure and corn stalk as composting substrate with 30∶1 of C/N and 65%of water content)showed a faster heating rate in the early stage of composting,and was easier to maintain high temperature after the initial composting stage.The degradation rate of orgamic matter(R)was significantly related with composting time t,and VS atα=0.01 level,significantly related with water content(WC),composting temperature(T),electricity conductivity(EC)and daily average degradation rate of orgamic matter(R_(d))atα=0.05 level.The relationship between R and the other parameters could be described with the formula:R=0.53331t-0.13308WC-1.76322VS-16.59139pH-0.00803EC+5.40973R_(d)+0.5331T+313.0084,which can provide support to estimate the composting process of livestock manure wastes in cold region.
作者
史风梅
高洪生
裴占江
姜兵
王粟
李鹏飞
罗一飞
刘杰
SHI Fengmei;GAO Hongsheng;PEI Zhanjiang;JIANG Bing;WANG Su;LI Pengfei;LUO Yifei;LIU Jie(Heilongjiang Academy of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Combining Farming and Animal Husbandry,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Energy Utilization of Main Crop Straw Resources,Harbin 150086,China;Heilongjiang Academy of Environmental Sciences,Harbin 150056,China)
出处
《黑龙江农业科学》
2023年第12期75-81,共7页
Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金(U21A20162)
黑龙江省揭榜挂帅项目(2022ZXJ08B02,2022ZXJ05C02-03)
黑龙江省省属科研院所科研业务费(CZKYF2022-1-B029,CZKYF2022-1-C002)
黑龙江省农业科学院创新工程(CX23ZD06,CX22YQ035)
黑龙江省环境科学研究院科研项目(HST2022NC001)。
关键词
低温
堆肥
牛粪
作物秸秆
low temperature
composting
cow manure
crop straws
