摘要
基于国家和个人权益等因素考量,国际社会就个人数据跨境传输形成不同立场倾向的范式,对数字贸易和服务产生重要影响。为此,深入研究欧盟个人数据跨境传输范式,对统筹国内国际两个大局,加强中欧合作、拓宽我国数字经济发展空间,以及发挥数据生产要素价值具有积极作用。分析发现:在个人数据跨境传输治理探索中,欧盟大致按照“公约—指令—条例”演进路径且这三者的适用效力逐步升级;其立法多元化的价值取向主要体现为尊重和保护公民的基本权利、打造数字单一市场和强化数据与技术主权,其中长臂管辖权制度是重要制度之一,并且积极推动数据在欧美之间安全地传输。我国也建立了以维护国家安全为首要指导原则、数据本土化为基础的个人数据跨境传输机制和管理制度,但较强的数据本土化制度将难以吸引境外数据流入以及推动双边或多边的数据合作交流。为进一步融入数字全球化,借鉴欧盟有关经验,我国可通过适当增强个人数据跨境传输自由度,构建个人数据跨境传输国家的分类、梯度式管理机制,与欧盟建立部分充分性认定协议,以及拓展国际合作空间等措施,进一步完善个人数据跨境传输制度体系。
Based on the consideration of factors such as national and individual rights and interests,the international community has developed paradigms with different positional tendencies on the cross-border transfer of personal data,which have important implications for digital trade and services.Therefore,strengthening the research on the EU's cross-border personal data transfer model will have a positive effect on co-ordinate domestic and international situations,strengthening China-EU cooperation,broadening the space for the development of China's digital economy,and giving full play to the value of data production factors.The analysis finds that:in the exploration of the governance of cross-border transfers of personal data,the EU has generally followed the evolutionary path of"conventiondirective-regulation",and the effectiveness of its application has been gradually enhanced;the value of the EU's legislative pluralism is characterized by respect for and protection of the fundamental rights of citizens,the creation of a digital single market and the strengthening of data and technological sovereignty,with the long-arm jurisdiction regime being one of the most important and actively promoting the secure transfer of data between Europe and the United States.China has also established a mechanism and management system for the cross-border transmission of personal data based on data localization with the maintenance of national security as the primary guiding principle,but the strict data localisation system will make it difficult to attract the inflow of data from outside the country as well as to promote bilateral or multilateral data cooperation.To further integrate into digital globalization and learn from the relevant experience of the EU,China can appropriately enhance the freedom of cross-border transfer of personal data,establish a classification and gradient management mechanism for cross-border transfer of personal data,establish a partial adequacy agreement with the European Union,and expand international cooperation space and other measures to further improve the system of cross-border transfer of personal data.
作者
司伟攀
Si Weipan(Artificial Intelligence Development Research Center,Institute of Scientific and Technological Information of China,Beijing 100038,China)
出处
《科技管理研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第20期205-213,共9页
Science and Technology Management Research
基金
科技部科技创新2030--“新一代人工智能”重大项目“重点领域人工智能伦理风险及对策研究”(2020AAA0105301)
中国科学技术信息研究所创新研究基金面上项目“人工智能数据安全风险及治理研究”(MS2023-10)。
关键词
个人数据
跨境传输
数据主权
长臂管辖
数字化
欧盟
personal data
cross-border transfer
data sovereignty
long-arm jurisdiction
digitization
European Union(EU)
