摘要
随着生态环境损害赔偿制度的全面落实,国家和地方相继出台了多项管理规定和规范,用于指导生态环境损害赔偿,让环境有价、损害担责落到实处。由于我国生态环境损害赔偿制度起步较晚,各方面实践中经验不足,根据近年实践中遇到的问题并结合国家和地方相关文件和规范,生态环境损害赔偿从环境受体可分为8个类别、从管理分工可分为6个类别、从赔偿方式可分为3个类别,从索赔方式可分为2个类别;生态环境损害赔偿的范围包括生态环境损害应急等5个方面的费用;启动条件包括发生较大以上生态环境损害事件的等4种情形;梳理了从获取线索取证、生态环境损害量化、赔偿磋商或诉讼、赔偿修复落实4个步骤的生态环境损害赔偿程序;实践中赔偿义务人不理解、不积极的现状提出了推动和加强生态环境损害赔偿宣传与培训的方法,对于赔偿启动情形不够细致,明确了影响显著轻微可不启动的情形,而赔偿过程中取证困难指出了取证的及时性等要点,针对生态损害赔偿中货币化难度大的问题给出了建立经验数据库从而最大程度统一量化尺度的建议。
With the comprehensive implementation of the ecological environment damage compensation system,the country and local governments have successively introduced multiple management regulations and norms to guide ecological environment damage compensation,making the environment valuable and responsible for damage implemented.Due to the late start of China's ecological environment damage compensation system and insufficient practical experience in various aspects,based on the problems encountered in recent years and in combination with relevant national and local documents and regulations,ecological environment damage compensation can be divided into 8 categories from environmental receptors,6 categories from management division of labor,3 categories from compensation methods,and 2 categories from claim methods.The scope of compensation for ecological environment damage includes five aspects of expenses,including emergency response for ecological environment damage.The start-up conditions include four situations,including the occurrence of significant or more ecological and environmental damage events;We have sorted out the ecological environment damage compensation procedures from four steps:obtaining clues and evidence,quantifying ecological environment damage,negotiating or litigation compensation,and implementing compensation and restoration.In practice,the current situation where compensation obligors do not understand and are not proactive has put forward the promotion of ecological environment damage compensation publicity and training.The situation of compensation initiation is not detailed enough,and it is clear that the impact is significantly minor and can not be initiated.However,the difficulty of evidence collection during the compensation process has pointed out the importance of timely evidence collection.In response to the difficulty of monetization in ecological damage compensation,suggestions have been made to establish an empirical database to unify the quantification scale to the greatest extent possible.
作者
蒋勇翔
JIANG Yongxiang(Environment Engineering Assessment Center of Shangrao City,Shangrao 334000,Jiangxi,China)
出处
《能源研究与管理》
2023年第4期169-174,共6页
Energy Research and Management
关键词
生态环境损害
补偿
权利人
义务人
ecological environment damage
compensate
obligee
obligor
