摘要
目的探讨不同血糖状态的糖尿病高危人群对患病风险的看法及感知特征,为临床工作者制订针对性的风险干预提供参考。方法采用描述性现象学的研究方法,使用目的抽样法选取2020年8月至2022年1月在中国人民解放军北部战区总医院健康管理中心的17名糖尿病高危者,进行半结构化访谈,采用Colaizzi 7步法进行资料整理和分析。结果血糖水平不同,提炼的主题亦有差异,其中血糖正常者包括忽略糖尿病风险并存在质疑心理、风险认知偏差且风险感知依赖个体感受、对自身风险控制呈积极态度,初次诊断血糖异常者包括感知风险严重性并在心理冲击下表现为担心、害怕;感知程度由专业卫生人员介导,有强烈求知欲望;接受高风险身份并对生活方式进行反思,持续血糖受损者包括倾向于忽视或弱化风险,回避或压制担心和焦虑;风险感知根据先前的经验和掌握的信息决定,感知程度固化;放任态度或者积极改变。3类人群风险感知的差异主要体现在糖尿病风险的态度、情绪、感知的诱发因素和风险控制上。结论未来仍需加强对风险意识和风险因素的健康教育,可以考虑将血糖作为分类指导标准进行针对性地侧重教育。
Objective To explore the perception and perceived characteristics of risk of diabetes in people at high risk of diabetes under different glycemic states,and to provide a reference for clinicians to develop targeted risk interventions.Methods Descriptive phenomenology research method was used to conduct semi-structured interviews with 17 diabetes high-risk persons selected by purpose sampling from August 2020 to January 2022 in the Health Management Center of General Hospital of Northern Theater Command.Data was transcribed and analyzed using Colaizzi's method.Results Different glycemic states led to different themes for extraction.Each distilled 3 themes,normoglycemia including ignoring the existence of risk and creating doubt,risk perception relies on individual feelings,and demonstrate a positive attitude towards their risk control capabilities;initial diagnosis of dysglycemia including perceive the severity of the risk and express fear,mediated by health professionals and a strong desire to learn,accept by high-risk status and self-reflection on lifestyle;persistent glycemic impairment including tend to ignore risks to avoid undue stress and anxiety,determined based on experience and information,laissez-faire attitude or positive change.The differences among the 3 categories were mainly reflected in attitudes,emotions,perceived predisposing factors and risk control.Conclusions It is still necessary to strengthen the education on diabetes prevention awareness and risk factors.And blood glucose can be considered as a classification guideline for targeted education.
作者
邹晓慧
侯丹
孙铭
杨彬婕
Zou Xiaohui;Hou Dan;Sun Ming;Yang Binjie(Nursing College of China Medical University,Shenyang 110122,China;Department of Health Medicine,General Hospital of Northern Theater Command,Shenyang 110052,China)
出处
《中国实用护理杂志》
2023年第34期2688-2693,共6页
Chinese Journal of Practical Nursing
关键词
糖尿病
定性研究
血糖受损状态
风险感知
高危人群
Diabetes mellitus
Qualitative study
Impaired glucose condition
Risk perception
High-risk groups
