摘要
面对当今文学理论日渐“枯竭”的困境,国内外学界对文学研究的跨学科路径表现出越来越浓厚的兴趣,但迄今为止对文学跨学科研究的探讨大多都局限于单一学科界面(文本内场域)的内部关系研究、跨文本内部关系研究、跨学科外部关系研究,以及对文学的学科外研究等方面。巴赫金从强调“我与他者”主体间性及彼此有效互动的对话哲学引申出以“审美事件”为核心的行为美学,并在此理论基础上建构起以艺术与生活、艺术与责任、艺术与话语体裁、艺术与文化为基座的文艺学总体诗学架构。单就文艺学建构来看,巴赫金认为艺术(文学)与生活是本质上完全不同的东西,但基于主体间性的对话性应答(责任)成为沟通二者的桥梁。所以文艺学应当成为摒弃“材料美学”而共时性地探讨“审美事件”新涵义的跨学科平台。文学跨学科研究正是一种集“微型对话”与“大型对话”、共时性(体裁诗学研究)与历时性(历史诗学研究)于一体的动态性综合研究,其中对于艺术领地之文化边界的外位性考察正适合于文化诗学。未来的文艺学理论建构理当成为把握艺术复调和“杂语性”(“双声语”)、艺术形式的布局和样态(体裁-事件)、艺术形式的演变规律(体裁发展史)、以及艺术与文化边界考察的系统性总体诗学,成为集理论(体裁)诗学、历史诗学、文化诗学于一体的跨学科诗学建构。从人文科学跨学科视野出发,巴赫金这一总体性诗学建构和整体性研究方法论打通了哲学、美学和文艺学、文化学研究的人文跨学科通道,对时下成为国内外学术热点的文学跨学科研究构成重大的理论启示。
In the face of the“exhaustion”of literary theory today,both domestic and global academes have shown increasing interests in the interdisciplinary studies of literature.Current research,however,is mostly limited to the study of the internal relationship of a single subject interface of literary research,the study of inter-text internal relations of literary research,interdisciplinary research on external relations,and cross-disciplinary literary research etc.Bakhtin’s philosophy of dialogism derives from behavioral aesthetics that advocates an intersubjectivity of the“I and the Other,”which centers on“aesthetic events”in the context of art and life,art and responsibility,art and discourse genre,and art and culture.Bakhtin believes that art and life are fundamentally different,but response to dialogue(inter-subjective responsibility)bridges the two.Therefore,studies of literature and art should become an interdisciplinary platform to discard“material aesthetics”and explore the new meaning of“aesthetic event”simultaneously.Interdisciplinary studies of literature are precisely dynamic and comprehensive studies that combine“micro-dialogue”and“macro-dialogue,”synchronicity(the study of genre poetics)and historicity(the study of historical poetics),among which the investigation of the cultural boundary of artistic arena is tellingly suitable for the study of cultural poetics.So,the future construction of literary theory should be a systematic and holistic poetics that grasps artistic polyphony and“heteroglossia”(“bilingualism”),the layout and pattern of literary forms(genre-events),the evolution of literary forms(the history of genre development),and the examination of the cultural boundaries in literature and art.An interdisciplinary poetic study ought to integrate three dimensions of artistic and literary studies:theoretical(genre)poetics,historical poetics,and cultural poetics.From an interdisciplinary vision of the humanities studies,Bakhtin’s theory of a construction of the poetic whole and his holistic research methodology have opened up the humanistic interdisciplinary channels of philosophy,aesthetics,literary and cultural studies,and constitute a significant theoretical revelation to the interdisciplinary study of art and literature.
作者
季明举
JI Mingju(Qufu Normal University)
出处
《国际比较文学（中英文）》
2023年第4期83-96,共14页
International Comparative Literature
基金
2022年度国家社会科学基金项目《白银时代的俄罗斯宗教美学研究》(项目编号:22BZX27)的阶段性成果。
关键词
巴赫金
对话哲学
审美事件
总体诗学
文学跨学科研究
Bakhtin
dialogue
behavioral aesthetics
general poetics
literary interdisciplinary research
