摘要
随着中国社会的发展,“内卷”引发了全民关注与讨论,但研究者对内卷的心理内涵、特征维度及其测量工具仍在探索中。本研究首次以文化心理学作为研究视角,提出中国社会的内卷极具新时代意义,是与中国社会文化紧密相连的多维心理概念。研究1采用访谈法,通过分析在校学生与在岗社会人员对内卷看法的一手资料,结合扎根理论初步提出内卷的心理内涵及其特征维度,即资源稀缺、社会规范、心理压力、竞争行为。研究2在访谈研究的基础上编制了内卷感知测量问卷,通过探索性因素分析得到包含18个条目的四维度问卷。研究3通过验证性因素分析和效标效度检验,在跨人群样本中验证了内卷的4个特征维度。研究4采用内卷情境任务发现,在高校情境和组织情境中,内卷感知更高的个体均更易表现出内卷行为倾向。综上,本研究首次明晰中国社会中内卷的心理内涵及其特征维度,并提供了测量个体感知内卷的有效工具,有助于未来探究内卷对个体心理以及社会性发展的影响机制。
With the deepening and spread of reform and opening-up,China has undergone rapid and unprecedented economic growth and societal transformations over the past few decades.Accumulating evidence has revealed the impacts of sociocultural changes on Chinese mental health.Since 2020,a popular buzzword,“Neijuan”(involution),has garnered significant attention and discussion in daily life.Neijuan could be traced back to agricultural involution,which refers to a process of inward over-elaboration in agricultural development.This concept was first identified by the anthropologist Geertz(1963),who observed that population growth failed to enhance productivity growth and economic development.Despite Neijuan's growing attention,it is still unclear about the connotation and characteristic dimensions of this social phenomenon.Cultural psychology provides a solid theoretical and empirical basis for exploring how social and cultural changes affect individuals’psychological states and behaviors.In this context,we propose that Neijuan is a multidimensional psychological concept of great significance in this new era,closely connected to cultural changes in China’s rapid development and growth。To explore the psychological concept of Neijuan,Study 1 employed a grounded theory approach through in-depth interviews to clarify the intricate psychological components of Neijuan.Based on the results of Study 1,Studies 2 and 3 developed a measurement tool to validate the multiple characteristic dimensions of Neijuan in Chinese culture,utilizing exploratory factor analysis(EFA)and confirmatory factor analysis(CFA).The findings suggested that Neijuan comprises four dimensions:resource scarcity,social norm,psychological pressure,and competition.Subsequently,Study 4 used Neijuan scenario-based task in the university and workplace environments to assess participants’behavioral tendencies related to Neijuan and examined the relationship between individuals’perceptions of Neijuan and their actual behaviors.Results revealed that individuals with higher levels of perceived Nejuan exhibited a greater tendency to engage in behaviors associated with Neijuan.In summary,the series of studies sought to explore the psychological concept and multiple characteristic dimensions of Neijuan,which provides a theoretical and empirical basis for understanding this significant phenomenon in the contemporary era.The current research also offers an effective measurement tool to assess individuals’perception of Neijuan and enlightens future research on the effect of Neijuan on psychological maladjustment and non-benign competition behaviors related to Neijuan.
作者
张雯
潘超
姚诗铭
朱佳佳
凌东
杨涵淳
徐静莎
穆妍
ZHANG Wen;PAN Chao;YAO Shiming;ZHU Jiajia;LING Dong;YANG Hanchun;XU Jingsha;MU Yan(CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science,Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Department of Psychology,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Department of Psychology,Henan University,Kaifeng 475004,China;Nanning Taikang Home Guiyuan Elderly Care Service Co.,Ltd.,Nanning 530010,China;Department of Clinical and Health Psychology,School of Health in Social Science,University of Edinburgh,Edinburgh EH89AG,UK;Department of Psychology,McGill University,Montreal H3A 1G1,Canada)
出处
《心理学报》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第1期107-123,共17页
Acta Psychologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金(32071016,32271129)
中国科学院心理研究所青年人才科研启动基金(2019000050)
中国科学院行为科学重点实验室经费资助(Y5CX052003)
中国科学院心理研究所科学基金项目(E2CX3935CX)。
关键词
内卷
竞争
社会规范
文化心理学
中国社会
Neijuan
competition
social norms
cultural psychology
Chinese society
