摘要
根据2021年7和12月、2022年5和9月邛海水生植物调查结果,结合文献资料,分析了邛海水生植物种类组成、群落结构和空间分布状况以及退化原因,提出了邛海水生植物恢复的对策建议。邛海湖区有水生植物23种,主要分布在水深2 m内,在湖泊北岸成片分布,湖泊西岸和南岸呈斑块状分布,东岸零星分布,总面积约1.3 km^(2)。水生植物分布面积由1990s前占湖面积的20%左右缩减到目前的不足5%,沉水植物群落结构简单化,浮叶植物和挺水植物分布范围扩张。1998年洪水从海河口倒灌,致使高枧湾水域沉水植被消失;近10年来湖泊运行水位抬升和透明度下降使得邛海水生植物分布面积进一步缩小、种群单一化。需要恢复邛海水位运行的自然节律,减少污染负荷输入改善水体透明度,辅之人工生态修复等措施,逐步恢复邛海水生态系统健康。
This study carried out an investigation on macrophytes of Lake Qionghai in July and December 2021,and May and September 2022.Based on the investigation results and previous publications,this study examined the species compositions,community structure,spatial distribution,and causes of degradation of macrophytes.The investigation revealed that there were 23 species of macrophytes in Lake Qionghai,mainly found in water area less than 2 m deep,covering an area of about 1.3 km^(2).The distribution of macrophytes was mainly in the north,with patchy distribution in the west and south,and scattered in the east.However,the areas had decreased to less than 5%of the lake from^(2)0%before the 1990s.The community structure of submerged plants had become simplified,while the distribution ranges of floating plants and emergent plants expanded.The disappearance of submerged vegetation in Gaojian Bay was caused by a flood from the mouth of the Hai River in 1998.Additionally,higher water-level operations and lower transparency in the last ten years had resulted in the decreased distribution areas and simplified communities of macrophytes in Lake Qionghai.To restore the macrophytes in Lake Qionghai,we recommend implementing measures to restore the natural rhythm of the water level and reduce pollution load input to improve water transparency.At the same time,artificial ecological restoration is also needed to restore the ecosystem s health.
作者
董艳珍
张培育
李小艳
郑丙辉
Dong Yanzhen;Zhang Peiyu;Li Xiaoyan;Zheng Binghui(Key Laboratory of Plateau Wetland Ecology and Environmental Protection of Sichuan Province,Xichang University,Xichang 615013,P.R.China;Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,P.R.China;National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,P.R.China)
出处
《湖泊科学》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第1期236-246,I0025,共12页
Journal of Lake Sciences
基金
生态环境部项目(2022-LHYJ-02-0511-01)资助。
关键词
水生植物
时空分布
群落演替
邛海
Macrophytes
spatiotemporal distribution
community succession
Lake Qionghai
