摘要
为集成并优化东北冻融农田的养分流失阻控技术模式,通过2019—2020年在东北试验玉米地设置4个处理[平原地秸秆粉碎、深翻还田(T1);平原地无秸秆对照(CK1);坡耕地顺坡改横垄种植,高留茬秸秆归行覆盖(T2);坡耕地顺垄无秸秆对照(CK2)],开展氮磷流失阻控技术的研究。结果表明,除坡耕地地表径流水的磷流失有发生在冻融时期外,其他各处理的氮磷污染均发生在降雨时期。平原及坡耕地对照流失水土中氮磷量均比秸秆还田处理大,且以氮为主,总氮流失量分别为10.18、7.77kg/hm^(2)。经过阻控技术处理土壤容重均小于对照,土壤自然含水量、饱和含水量和孔隙度则大于对照。阻控技术处理后土壤全氮、碱解氮、全磷、有效磷含量在平原地比对照分别高9.24%、9.57%、26.99%、42.94%,在坡耕地分别比对照高24.59%、56.07%、67.62%、109.94%,但差异显著程度不同,整体表现为坡耕地改善效果优于平原地。综上,平原地秸秆粉碎、深翻还田技术和坡耕地顺坡改横垄、秸秆归行技术均可以有效阻控冻融农田的氮磷流失,后者的改善效果更明显。
In order to integrate and optimize the nutrient loss control technology model of freeze‐thaw farmland in Northeast China,four treatments were set up in the experimental corn field in Northeast China from 2019 to 2020[plain land with straw crushing and deep tillage(T1);plain land without straw as a control(CK1);slope farmland with cross ridge planting,high stubble and straw returning and covering(T2);slope farmland with ridge planting,without straw as a control(CK2)],to carry out the study of nitrogen and phosphorus loss control technology.The results showed that except that the phosphorus loss of surface runoff water on sloping farmland mainly occured in freeze‐thaw period,the nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in all other treatments of soil erosion mainly occured in rainfall period.The amount of nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil and water loss in plain farmland and sloping farmland controls was larger than that in the straw returning treatments,and nitrogen was the main one,with values of 10.18 kg/ha and 7.77 kg/ha respectively.The bulk density of the soil treated by resistance control technologies was less than that of the controls,while the natural water content,saturated water content and porosity of the soils were greater than those of the controls.The contents of total nitrogen,alkali‐hydrolyzable nitrogen,total phosphorus and available phosphorus in the soil were 9.24%,9.57%,26.99%and 42.94%higher than those in the control respectively in the plain land and 24.59%,56.07%,67.62%and 109.94%higher than those in the sloping farmland,but the significance was different.The overall performance trend was that the improvement effect of sloping farmland was better than that of plain farmland.To sum up,the technology of straw crushing and deep ploughing in plain land,and the technology of changing slope to horizontal ridge and straw returning mulching in sloping farmland can effectively control the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in freeze‐thaw farmland,and the latter can improve the effect more obviously.
作者
张磊
武新娟
宋鹏慧
周双
王腾
张莉莉
谷学佳
王玉峰
ZHANG Lei;WU Xinjuan;SONG Penghui;ZHOU Shuang;WANG Teng;ZHANG Lii;GU Xuejia;WANG Yufeng(Institute of Rural Revitalization Science and Technology,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin 150023,China;Heilongjiang Institute of Black Soil Protection and Utilization,Harbin 150086,China)
出处
《河南农业科学》
北大核心
2023年第12期88-96,共9页
Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences
基金
黑龙江省农业科学院院级课题(2020FZJX 037)。
关键词
冻融农田
淋溶水
径流水
土壤物理性质
氮磷
养分流失
阻控技术
Freeze⁃thaw farmland
Leaching water
Runoff water
Physical property of soil
Nitrogen and phosphorus loss
Nutrient loss
Resistance and control technology
