摘要
为评价不同土壤熏蒸剂在草莓重茬土壤上的使用效果,以连作3年草莓土壤为处理材料,设置棉隆熏蒸、石灰熏蒸、石灰氮熏蒸、威百亩熏蒸、未熏蒸(对照)5个处理,研究不同熏蒸剂处理下土壤养分、土壤酶活性、土壤物理性状等指标变化,结合妙香7号草莓生长与产量变化情况,借助药剂成本及死苗率分析,以解析连作草莓地土壤熏蒸处理的最佳药剂。结果表明,施用土壤熏蒸剂处理与对照相比,能显著提高土壤全氮、全磷、碱解氮、有效磷含量,降低全钾含量,除威百亩处理外,其他处理均可提高土壤速效钾含量。棉隆、石灰、威百亩处理均可显著降低土壤pH值,4种熏蒸剂处理均可显著提高土壤电导率。熏蒸剂处理后对土壤酶活性均有影响,其中,棉隆处理对土壤脲酶、碱性磷酸酶和脱氢酶的活性均有较强的抑制作用;石灰处理对3种酶活性有促进作用;石灰氮、威百亩处理均可增加土壤碱性磷酸酶活性和脱氢酶活性,但抑制脲酶活性。石灰处理能增加土壤孔隙度,降低土壤固相比例,增加气相比例,改善土壤结构,石灰氮、威百亩处理均可降低土壤孔隙度,降低气相比例,土壤结构相对恶化,棉隆处理居于中间,但各处理间差异均不显著。不同熏蒸剂对草莓植株营养生长指标影响不大。除石灰处理产量减少1.39%外,其他处理均提高产量,其中以威百亩和石灰氮处理效果较优,与对照相比分别增加7.57%和6.82%。不同熏蒸剂处理后草莓死苗率由低到高依次为威百亩、石灰、石灰氮、棉隆。可见,土壤熏蒸剂可以有效改善土壤物理性状,促进土壤养分有效化,增加产量,缓解草莓土壤连作障碍,其中威百亩效果最佳,可作为首选药剂,其次为石灰氮、石灰、棉隆。
In order to evaluate the application effect of different soil fumigants on strawberry continuous cropping soil,strawberry soil with continuous cropping for three years was used as the treatment material,and five treatments,namely soil fumigation used dazomet,soil fumigation used calcium oxide,soil fumigation used calcium cyanamide and soil fumigation used metam-sodium and control,were set up to study the changes of soil nutrients,soil enzyme activities,soil physical properties and other indicators under different fumigants.Based on the growth and yield changes of‘Miaoxiang 7’strawberry,the optimal fumigant for soil fumigation treatment in continuous cropping strawberry fields was analyzed using the analysis of fumigant cost and seedling mortality rate.The results showed that compared with the control,the application of soil fumigant could significantly increase the contents of total nitrogen,total phosphorus,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorus in soil,and decrease the content of total potassium.Except for metam-sodium treatment,all other treatments increased the content of available potassium.Dazomet treatment,calcium oxide treatment and metam-sodium treatment can significantly reduce the soil pH value,and the four fumigant treatments can significantly increase the soil conductivity.Fumigant treatment has an effect on soil enzyme activities,among which dazomet treatment has a strong inhibitory effect on soil urease,alkaline phosphatase and dehydrogenase activities.Calcium oxide treatment can promote the activities of three enzymes;calcium cyanamide and metam-sodium treatments increased soil alkaline phosphatase activity and dehydrogenase activity,but inhibited urease activity.Calcium oxide treatment can increase soil porosity,decrease soil solid proportion,increase gas phase proportion and improve soil structure.Calcium cyanamide treatment and metam-sodium treatment can reduce soil porosity and gas phase proportion,and the soil structure is relatively deteriorated,while dazomet treatment is in the middle,but there is no significant difference between treatments.Different fumigants have little effect on vegetative growth indexes of strawberry plants.All treatments increased strawberry yield,except that the yield of calcium oxide treatment decreased by 1.39%,among them,the soil treated with metam-sodium and treated with calcium cyanamide had the best yield,and the yield was increased by 7.57%and 6.82%compared with the control.The death rate of strawberry treated with different fumigants was metam-sodium,calcium oxide,calcium cyanamide and dazomet from low to high.Therefore,soil fumigants can effectively improve the physical properties of soil,promote the availability of soil nutrients,increase the yield,and ease the obstacle of strawberry continuous cropping.Metam-sodium have the best effect,and can be used as soil fumigant,followed by calcium cyanamide,calcium oxide and dazomet.
作者
杨馥霞
汤玲
贺欢
唐小刚
王卫成
YANG Fuxia;TANG Ling;HE Huan;TANG Xiaogang;WANG Weicheng(Institute of Fruit and Floriculture Research,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070)
出处
《中国果树》
北大核心
2023年第11期50-55,60,共7页
China Fruits
基金
甘肃省农业科学院青年基金项目(2021GAAS46)
甘肃省重点研发项目(21YF1NA369)。
关键词
草莓
土壤熏蒸
土壤理化性状
土壤酶活性
产量
strawberry
soil fumigation
physical and chemical properties of soil
soil enzyme activity
yield
