摘要
径流情势和流域退水是反映水文过程至关重要的指标,除气候因素外,主要受到下垫面和流域水文地质特征的影响。利用准配对流域法,对比大兴安岭地区森林结构不同的2个小流域(老爷岭流域、圣诞村流域),排除气候和地形地貌的干扰,探究森林结构变化对流域径流情势及退水过程的影响。结果表明:老爷岭流域的全年洪峰历时比圣诞村流域延长5 h、平均洪峰滞时推迟2 h,洪峰径流量、变异系数均无显著差异。随着森林平均蓄积量、树种组成、郁闭度等森林结构指标的提高,老爷岭流域(森林结构综合指数较高)较圣诞村流域(森林结构综合指数低)的枯水径流时间低4 h,平均枯水径流深提高0.65 mm(是圣诞村流域3倍),平均枯水径流变异系数低33%,且流域间差异均达到了极显著水平(P<0.01)。通过退水分析,结果表明:老爷岭流域和圣诞村流域退水系数(k)的均值分别为16.9、8.5 d,退水常数(α)均值分别为0.909 4、0.862 6,老爷岭流域的平均退水时间比圣诞村流域延缓了8.4 d。该地区流域水文特征受森林植被变化的影响明显,森林结构复杂、森林质量高的老爷岭流域枯水径流量高并且稳定,退水过程更慢,水源涵养功能更好。
Flow regimesand basin recession are crucial indicators reflecting hydrological processes,which are mainly influenced by underlying surface and hydrogeological characteristics of the river basin in addition to climatic factors.Two small basins(Laoyeling basin and Shengdancun basin) with different forest structures in the Greater Khingan Mountainswere compared to explore the effect of forest structure difference on flow regimes and drainage characteristics using the quasi-paired watershed method to exclude the interference of climate and topography.The results showed that the annual duration of flood peakin the Laoyeling basin was extended by 5 hours compared to the Shengdancun basin,and the average lag timing of flood peak was delayed by 2 hours.However,there were no significant differences in peak runoff and coefficient of variation.With the increase in forest structure indicators such as average forest stock,tree species composition,and canopy density,the duration of low flow runoff in Laoyelingbasin(with a higher forest structure index) was 4 hours shorter than Shengdancun basin(with a lower forest structure index),an average low flow runoff depth was increased by 0.65 mm(3 times that of the Shengdancun basin),and a 33% decrease in the average variation coefficient of low flow runoff.The differences between the basins reached a significant level(P<0.01).Through recession analysis,the result showed that the mean value of the recession coefficient(k) for the Laoyeling basin and Shengdancun basin were 16.9 days and 8.5 days,respectively,and the mean value of the recession constant(α) was 0.909 4 and 0.862 6,respectively.The average recession time of the Laoyeling basin was delayed by 8.4 days compared to the Shengdancunbasin.The hydrological characteristics of the basin in this area were obviously affected by forest vegetation change,with the Laoyelingbasin,characterized by complex forest structure and high forest quality,exhibiting higher and more stable low flow runoff,a slower recession process,and a better water conservation function.
作者
崔杨
蔡玉山
刘欢
杨晓晨
段亮亮
Cui Yang;CaiYushan;Liu Huan;Yang Xiaochen;Duan Liangliang(Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management(Northeast Forestry University),Harbin 150040,P.R.China)
出处
《东北林业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第3期103-111,共9页
Journal of Northeast Forestry University
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41901018)
黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(LH2020D003)
黑龙江省博士后基金项目(LBH-Z20106)。
关键词
森林结构
水文情势
退水特征
洪峰径流
枯水径流
Forest structure
Flow regimes
Drainage characteristics
Peak runoff
Low flow runoff
